1. Earth has changed Have the organisms living on it changed?
The fossil record says yes!

2. History of Evolution Aristotle’s ladder of nature Hutton – gradualism;
Cuvier - catatrophism
Lamarck - acquired traits
ex. giraffes
Darwin -
descent with modification due to natural selection

3. Evolution Evolution: Change over time
the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
changes in the gene pool of organisms
cannot happen in one generation

4. Darwin Charles Darwin theory of natural selection
studying finches in the Galapagos Islands
Alfred Wallace
similar theory at a similar time
not often recognized

8. Darwin’s Theory 1) Variation among offspring
2) Overpopulation-more organisms produced than can survive
3) Natural Selection & Survival of the Fittest
Adaptation
Fitness
Adaptive advantage
The survivors live to reproduce passing on traits
4) Over hundreds of generations, Descent with modification

9. Evidence for Darwin’s Theory - descent with modification
Modification by natural selection
Recent ancestor
Remote ancestor

10. Darwin’s Theory
Adaptation
Fitness
Adaptive advantage

11. Evidence of Evolution 1. Fossil Record - The fossils show changes
Biodiversity
number of species
Biogeography
what and where an animal is depends on its history
Distribution
fossils for armadillos are found in the new world, and armadillos are found in the new world, therefore animals are found above their fossil
Succession of Forms
descent with modification
horse fossils

13. Evidence of Evolution Fossil Record The fossils show changes
Biogeography
what and where an animal is depends on its history
Biodiversity
number of species

14. Evidence of Evolution 2. Anatomical Structures
Comparison by morphology
Common Ancestor:
Homologous Struct.
Vestigial Structure
Analogous Structure

15. Evidence of Evolution Common Ancestor: Homologous Structure
similar structure due to shared ancestry, but have different functions

16. Evidence of Evolution Vestigial Structure no current function
had function in ancestor
human appendix
human coccyx (tailbone)
whale leg bones

17. Anatomy Evidence of EVOLUTION Comparative Anatomy
Homologous Structures
Vestigial Organs
Bat’s wing
Flipper

18. Different structures have similar function but evolved separately
Evidence of Evolution
Different Ancestors
Analogous Structure
Different structures have similar function but evolved separately

19. embryo development reflects evolution history
Evidence of Evolution
3. Embryology
embryo development reflects evolution history
shows inheritance of an original, shared body plan
Notice:
gill slits
vertebrae
eye spots
ear holes
tail?

20. Ontology recapitulates Phylogeny
Evidence of Evolution
3. Embryology
embryo development reflects evolution history
Ontology recapitulates Phylogeny

21. Name that Animal!!
TURTLE
MOUSE
HUMAN
CHICK
PIG

22. Evidence for Evolution 4
Evidence for Evolution 4. biochemical shows inheritance of similar chemicals by different species Example: Hemoglobin, amino acid sequences

23. Evidence of EVOLUTION:
Fossil Record
Anatomical Structures (anatomy)
Embryology
shows inheritance of an original, shared body plan
Biochemistry
shows inheritance of similar chemicals by different species
Example: Hemoglobin, amino acid sequences
Microevolution with genetics
new alleles from mutations and recombination create VARIATION
if those variations make an organism more fit =NATURAL SELECTION

24. Evidence of Evolution 5. Microevolution
change within a species with a short generation time
observable in a human’s lifetime
bacterial resistance
peppered moth of England
artificial selection
Evidence of Evolution