1. Why is the Bureaucracy often called the fourth branch?

2. Why do we have a Bureaucracy?
Deliver benefits
Regulate business/economy
Carry out government work
IT IMPLEMENTS POLICY, MAKES WHAT POLITICIANS/GOVERNMENT SAY A REALITY
Benefits include: social security, education, medicare, safe roads, postal system, public transportation, safety/police
Regulations protect you: FDA and USDA, OSHA/Dept of Labor, FCC, EPA,
Gov’t Work: defense (military, DOD, CIA), police (FBI), tax (IRS)
Executive Agencies: NASA

3. Bureaucracy
System of administrative deptartments that carry out the work of the government

4. Who are the bureaucrats?
Unelected officials, they are Civil Servants:
Pendleton Act
Office of Personnel Management
General Schedule
Senior Executive Service
Merit, promotions

5. Who are the Bureaucrats
Unelected
Top level bureaucrats are appointed by president
Middle and low level bureaucrats hired, according to civil service system, to ensure people hired based on merit
In the past, presidents used the spoils system and gave patronage jobs

6. How do they do their job? Agency Rules Specialization resources
Implement policy >> make policy?
Rules, specialization, impersonality (quality control/equality)

7. How does the Bureaucracy Affects you?
Treats you equally (to be fair, but also may be frustrating when you have special circumstance)
Follows rules/procedures to prevent fraud or abuse
You have to do paperwork and are a number in the system

8. Bureaucracies Public Department of Public Safety University of Texas
Private
Mc Donalds
Walmart

9. This school is a bureaucracy
Texas State Law provides free public education and students must attend until 18*
Your principle and teachers are bureaucrats: they carry out these laws. They have discretion.
They make specific rules, enforce the rules, and establish punishments. What do these powers sound like????
They legislate (make rules), execute (enforce rules), and judge (determine if you break rules and how to punish).
So do many other agencies. For Example: DPS

10. Why they don’t always work (well)
Unclear laws
Program design is flawed
Lack of resources
SOP (standard operating procedures)
Administrative discretion

11. How Bureaucracies Are Organized
Cabinet Departments:
15 departments under president
Pres nominates each secretary
The 15 secretaries = President’s Cabinet (group of advisors)
Other Bureaucratic Agencies:
Independent Regulatory Commissions (regulate business/economy)
Government Corporations (USPS)
The Independent Executive Agencies (NASA)
Lecture Outline
In general, there are four types of bureaucracies: cabinet departments, regulatory agencies, government corporations, and independent executive agencies.
Cabinet Departments
Each department manages specific policy areas, and each has its own budget and its own staff.
Each department has a mission and is organized differently.
Bureaus (sometimes they are called administration, service, or office) divide the work into more specialized areas.
Independent Regulatory Commissions
Each of the independent regulatory agencies has responsibility for some sector of the economy, making and enforcing rules designed to protect the public interest; they also judge disputes over those rules.
They are sometimes called the “alphabet soup” of American government because most such agencies are known by their initials: ICC (Interstate Commission), FRB (Federal Reserve Board), NLRB (National Labor Relations Board), FCC (Federal Communications Commission), FTC (Federal Trade Commission), SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission).
Each of the agencies is governed by a small commission, appointed by the president for fixed terms of office and confirmed by the Senate; regulatory commission members cannot be fired by the president.
Critics claim that the close connection between the regulators and the industries they regulate has meant that the agencies have become the “captives” of industry.
Government Corporations
Government corporations provide a service that could be handled by the private sector.
They typically charge for their services, though often at cheaper rates than the consumer would pay a private sector producer.
Examples include the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Amtrak, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC); the U.S. Postal Service is the largest of the government corporations.
The independent executive agencies are not part of the cabinet departments and generally do not have regulatory functions; they usually perform specialized functions.
Their administrators are typically appointed by the president and serve at his pleasure.
Examples include the General Services Administration (GSA), National Science Foundation (NSF), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Social Security Administration
To Learning Objectives
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

12. LO 15.2 To Learning Objectives
Figure 15.2 Organization of the Executive Branch
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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

13. President as a manager
Josh Ernest on Ebola Czar

14. Examine the Government
Using the handout

15. LO 15.2 To Learning Objectives
Figure 15.3 Organization of the Department of the Interior
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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

16. LO 15.3 To Learning Objectives
Fragmentation (why programs fail) - hyperpluralism
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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

17. So why is it called the 4th branch?