1. What is Psych? QUICK RECAP!!!!!

2. The word psychology means…
Psycho – mind
Logy - science

3. Pseudoscience is also known as…
“Pop” Psychology
Psychobabble
Remember: The Psychic from Jersilicious!

4. Psychology is defined as…
The study of BEHAVIOR
Aims to understand
HUMAN and ANIMAL behavior
Explain why we do what we do

5. Psychology is scientific because it is based on what two main things?
Research Evidence
Critical Thinking

6. How many steps to critical thinking are there?
EIGHT
ASK QUESTIONS
DEFINE YOUR TERMS
EXAMINE THE EVIDENCE
ANALYZE ASSUMPTIONS AND BIASES
AVOID EMOTIONAL REASONING
DON’T OVERSIMPLIFY
CONSIDER OTHER INTERPRETATIONS
TOLERATE UNCERTAINTY
“All Day Everyone Always Avoids Deck Cause [she’s the] Teacher”

7. Hypnosis is an example of…
Psychology or pseudoscience?
Pseudoscience

8. The belief that all animals and all moving objects possess spirits which motivates their force is called what?
ANIMISM
An early Greek philosophy
Rock falls to earth because why?

9. TRUE/FALSE Canada had insane asylum’s
Open in Saint John, New Brunswick and Toronto

10. TRUE/FALSE Persons who are mentally ill were kept in asylums but never caged.
Patients – especially those who were considered a threat – were caged, kept in barred rooms, restrained, etc.

11. SENSORY DEPRIVATION
REMOVAL OF ANY TYPE OF SENSE….SIGHT, SOUND, SLEEP, FOOD/DRINK.
"Total Isolation"
In January 2008, Show titled “Total Isolation”. The premise of the show centered around 6 individuals agreeing to be shut in a cell inside a nuclear bunker, alone and in complete darkness for 48 hours. Prior to isolation, the volunteers underwent tests of visual memory, information processing and verbal fluency and suggestibility.
After the two days and two nights the subjects noted that their inability to sense time, as well as hallucinations, made the experience difficult. Of the six volunteers, three experienced auditory and visual hallucinations - snakes, oysters, tiny cars and zebras. One was convinced their sheets were wet. Two seemed to cope well.
When complete, the same tests were conducted a second time. The results indicated all volunteers' ability to complete the simplest tasks had deteriorated. One subject's memory capacity fell 36% and all the subjects had trouble thinking of words beginning with a nominated letter; in this case, the letter "F". All four of the men (neither of the two women) had markedly increased suggestibility.[18]
"It's really hard to stimulate your brain with no light. It's blanking me. I can feel my brain just not wanting to do anything."
— Adam Bloom (volunteer subject) - "Total Isolation"

12. VERSUS: Sleep Deprivation Experiments
Eyes kept open – strobe light flashing 6 inches from face
Assessment for photosensitive epilepsy

13. “The Lobotomist”
Early 20th century those suffering with mental illness did not have much of a chance for recovery.
Psychiatric medications had not yet been discovered.
Therefore, the mentally ill were often locked up in overcrowded asylums.
Lobotomy was a mainstream procedure for more than two decades.
In 1936 WALTER FREEMAN began performing lobotomies.
Freeman devoted his life to this procedure, performing lobotomies on THOUSANDS!– including children (youngest 4 years of age). In North America over 40,000 lobotomies performed.
Remember Phineas Gage?? – “Accidental Lobotomy” in – did this potentially inspire the development of a surgical lobotomy?

14. Response Questions: SHORT RESPONSE (6 marks)
1. Where in the brain did Dr. Freeman believe the cause of mental illness was located? (1)
2.What type of tool was originally used to perform lobotomies? (1)
3. Dr. Freeman’s “Patient 66” came from which prominent family? How did things turn out for “Patient 66”. (2)
4. What seemed to be the side effects of lobotomies? (2)
EXTENDED RESPONSES (5x2 = 10 marks)
5. What does the history of lobotomy tell us about psychiatry as a profession, and about our attitudes as a society to mental illness? Do you think this has changed over the last few decades? If so how?
6. What do you think of Dr. Freeman? Is he a savior or a monster? Both or neither? Discuss your reaction.

15. After thoughts….
FYI: It was not just Freeman who performed lobotomies – they were done in other areas of the world by other neurosurgeons.
Things to consider:
Psychiatric medications used today can also be very rough on a patient.