1. VENUS INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
CIVIL 3RD SEM. RUCHIR PATEL ( ) ZAMEER PATHAN ( ) DINESH PRAJAPATI ( ) PANKAJ PRAJAPATI ( )
GUIDE BY : MEGHAMAM SHAH

2. STAIRS & STAIRCASE

3. WHAT IS STAIRCASE?
A stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs, or simply stairs is a construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances, called steps. Stairs may be straight, round, or may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles.
Special types of stairs include escalators and ladders. Some alternatives to stairs are elevators , stair-lifts and inclined moving walkways as well as stationary inclined sidewalks.

5. STAIRS AND ITS TYPES Single flight straight stairs
Double flight straight stairs
Quarter turn newel
Half turn newel
Open wall stairs
Dog legged stairs
Bifurcated stairs
Circular stairs Spiral stair

6. STEP The step is composed of the tread and riser. Tread
The part of the stairway that is stepped on. It is constructed to the same specifications (thickness) as any other flooring. The tread "depth" is measured from the outer edge of the step to the vertical "riser" between steps. The "width" is measured from one side to the other .
Riser 
The vertical portion between each tread on the stair. This may be missing for an "open" stair effect .
Nosing 
An edge part of the tread that protrudes over the riser beneath. If it is present, this means that, measured horizontally, the total "run" length of the stairs is not simply the sum of the tread lengths, as the treads actually overlap each other slightly.

7. SINGLE FLIGHT STRAIGHT STAIRS
With a straight flight staircase, you walk, well, straight up the stairs . A single-flight staircase is without a landing i.e. you get to the top without interruption. A double-flight or multi-flight staircase means there are a number of landings on your way up (or down!).Dog-leg staircases have right-angled flights where you do a sort of a U-turn and change direction at the individual landing(s).

8. DOUBLE FLIGHT STRAIGHT STAIRS
The stairs posses two landings while running straight in the complete flight. Here in the image below the stairs has two landings during its complete landing.
QUARTER TURN NEWEL
In quarter turn newel the stairs run straight in a flight and after reaching the landing the stairs it turns to either left or right at ninety degree and its runs again till it reaches the consecutive horizontal level.

9. DOUBLE FLIGHT STRAIGHT STAIRS
QUARTER TURN NEWEL

10. HALF TURN NEWEL OPEN WALL STAIRS
In half turn newel stairs the stairs runs straight and after reaching the landing it turns to left or right and then climbs up to next two to three steps and reaches a landing and these steps again turns in the direction from where the user was approaching reaching finally to the consecutive horizontal level.
OPEN WALL STAIRS 
These are like normal doglegged stairs but the only difference is that after reaching the landing the stairs ends up with a railing instead of the wall.

11. HALF TURN NEWEL
OPEN WALL STAIRS

12. DOG LEGGED STAIRS BIFURCATED STAIRS
Dog legged stairs are the stairs in which the user climbs up to a flight turns at one eighty degree n then climb stairs in opposite direction
BIFURCATED STAIRS
In bifurcated stairs the stairs runs at a flight an as it reaches the landing the stairs runs from left and right side reaching the same horizontal level these stairs are provided generally in atrium of a building.

13. DOG LEGGED STAIRS
BIFURCATED STAIRS

14. CIRCULAR STAIRS SPIRAL STAIRS
The stairs made in in a circular form are known as the circular staircase.
SPIRAL STAIRS
Those stairs which are in spiral form is known as spiral staircase.

15.  CIRCULAR STAIRS
SPIRAL OR HELICAL
STAIRS

16. TECHNICAL TERMS OF STAIRCASE
TREAD : It is the upper horizontal portion of a step upon which the foot is placed while ascending or descending.
RISER : It is the vertical portion of a step providing a support to the tread.
FLIGHT : This is defined as an unbroken series of steps between landings.
LANDING : It is the level platform at the top or bottom of a flight between the floors. A landing facilitates change of direction and provides an opportunity for taking rest during the use of the stair.
RISE : It is the vertical distance between two successive tread faces.
GOING : It is the horizontal distance between two successive riser faces.
STRINGS AND STRINGERS : These are the slopping members which support the steps in a stair. They run along the slope of the stair.
NEWEL POST : Newel post is a vertical member which is placed at the ends of flights to connect the ends of strings and hand rail.
BALUSTER : It is vertical member of wood or metal, supporting the hand rail.
HAND RAIL : It is the surrounded or moulded member of wood or metal following generally the contour of the nosing line, and fixed on the top of balusters.  

18. THANK YOU