1. Passive & Active Transport

2. Types of Cellular Transport
Animations of Active Transport & Passive Transport
high
low
Weeee!!!
Passive Transport
cell doesn’t use energy
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport
cell does use energy
Protein Pumps
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
high
low
This is gonna be hard work!!

3. Passive Transport (HighLow) cell uses no energy (ATP)
Molecules spread out from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
molecules move randomly
(HighLow)
high
low
Weeee!!!

4. 3 Types of Passive Transport
Diffusion- movement of molecules from HIGH to LOW
Facilitative Diffusion – diffusion with the help of transport proteins
Osmosis – diffusion of water

5. Passive Transport: 1. Diffusion
Simple Diffusion Animation
Passive Transport: 1. Diffusion
Diffusion: movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
(High to Low)
molecules continue to move until they are evenly spaced (equilibrium is reached)
-molecules will still move around but stay spread out.

6. Facilitated diffusion (Channel Protein) Diffusion (Lipid Bilayer)
Passive Transport: 2. Facilitated Diffusion A B
2. Facilitated diffusion: diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the membrane
Transports larger or charged molecules ( ex; Glucose)
Facilitated diffusion (Channel Protein)
Diffusion (Lipid Bilayer)
Carrier Protein

7. Passive Transport: 2. Facilitated Diffusion
Glucose
molecules
Cellular Transport From a-
High
High Concentration
Channel Proteins animations
Cell Membrane
Low Concentration
Protein
channel
Low
Transport Protein
Through a 
Go to Section:

8. Passive Transport: 3. Osmosis
Osmosis animation
3.Osmosis: diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Water moves from high to low concentrations
Water moves freely through pores.
Solute (green) to large to move across.

9. 3 osmotic solutions that will affect how water moves
3 solutions affect how water moves
1. Hypertonic solution
2. Hypotonic solution
3. Isotonic solution

10. Solution is made up of two parts…
1. Universal Solvent = Water
Solution is made up of two parts…
1. Solute – substance that is dissolved
2. Solvent – Does the dissolving
Example: Ice Tea – water is the solvent and tea and sugar are the solutes + =

11. 1. Hypotonic Solution
Hypotonic: The solution has a lower concentration of solutes (sugar, salt,…) and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell. (Low solute; High water)
Water will move into Cell
The cell will swell or burst.
Bursting is called cytolysis (animal)
Trick:
Hippos love water

12. 2. Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic: The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low water)
Water will move out of Cell
The cell will shrivel or shrink.
Cells shrinking is called plasmolysis (plant)
Trick:
Hyper like a viper

13. 3. Isotonic Solution
Isotonic: The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell. (equal solute, equal water)
Water will move in & out of the cell at equal rates
The cell will not change size
Cell is at equilibrium, homeostasis, dynamic equilibrium

14. Practice

15. How Organisms Deal with Osmotic Pressure
Paramecium (protist) removing excess water video
Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent them from over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on the cell wall is called tugor pressure.
A protist like paramecium has contractile vacuoles that collect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them from over-expanding.
Salt water fish pump salt out of their specialized gills so they do not dehydrate.
Animal cells are bathed in blood. Kidneys keep the blood isotonic by remove excess salt and water.

16. Osmosis practice

17. Osmosis practice

18. Osmosis practice

19. Passive transport overview
Characteristics:
No Energy required (ATP)
High to Low concentrations
Molecules move down a concentration gradient
3 examples
1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated diffusion
3. Osmosis
3 solutions – Hypertonic, Hypotonic & Isotonic

20. This is gonna be hard work!!
Active Transport
cell uses energy
actively moves molecules to where they are needed
Movement from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
(Low  High)
high
low
This is gonna be hard work!!

21. Types of Active Transport
Sodium Potassium Pumps (Active Transport using proteins)
1. Protein/channel Pumps -transport proteins that require energy to do work
Example: Sodium / Potassium Pumps are important in nerve responses.
Protein changes shape to move molecules: this requires energy!

22. Endocytosis What is happening?

23. Types of Active Transport
2. Endocytosis: Bulky material entering a cell
Endo= into
Cytosis = cell
Two types: Phagocytosis & Pinocytosis
This is how white blood cells eat bacteria!

24. Two types of Endocytosis
1. Phagocytosis: “cell eating”
Trick: “Phago my eggo”
Undissolved particles
2. Pinocytosis: “cell drinking”
Trick: “virgin pina colada”
Dissolved particles

25. Types of Active Transport
3. Exocytosis: material leaving the cell in bulk
Exo = exiting
Cytosis = cell
“exiting cell”
Cell changes shape – requires energy
EX: Hormones or wastes released from cell
Endocytosis & Exocytosis animations

26. Practice

27. Practice
In order to make hydrochloric acid, which is required in human digestion, ATP is used to move hydrogen ions from the blood to the stomach lining. This is an example of ___.
Active Transport
Passive Transport
Osmotic Potential
Facilitated Diffusion

28. Practice