1. 2 ROCKS You need to know: What are Igneous Rock & examples
What are Sedimentary Rock & examples
What are Metamorphic Rock & examples

2. Rock Type Example Location Formation Uses
IGNEOUS
COOLED MAGMA
BASALT
GRANITE
GIANTS CAUSEWAY
DUBLIN MOUNTAINS
LIQUID MAGMA REACHES SURFACE, COOLS & HARDENS INTO A ROCK
BUILDINGS, ROADS FOOTPATHS
SEDIMENTARY
LAYERS OF MATERIAL BUILD UP AND FORM A ROCK
LIMESTONE
SANDSTONE
THE BURREN, CO. CLARE
DEAD ANIMAL BONES FALL TO THE SEABED. THEY ARE PRESSED TOGETHER TO FORM LIMESTONE
LARGE PUBLIC BUIDINGS LIKE COURTHOUSES
METAMORPHIC
HEAT OR PRESSURE CHANGES ONE ROCK INTO ANOTHER.
MARBLE
CONNEMARA
LIMESTONE IS CHANGED INTO LIMESTONE
INTERIOR OF BUILDINGS LIKE FLOORS, STAIRS.

3. HUMANS AND ROCKS
We use rocks for building houses, footpaths, roads etc
We can get rocks from Quarries. These are large holes dug out from the ground & are cheaper than mining.
The dust from quarries can cause pollution. Trucks comings and going can create a nuisance for people living nearby

4. KEY TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW
Igneous rock
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Granite / Basalt & location
Limestone & location
Quarry

5. This means how rocks are worn down by the weather.
3 WEATHERING OF ROCKS
This means how rocks are worn down by the weather.
You need to know:
What is Mechanical Weathering
What is Chemical Weathering
What is a Karst Landscape
Features of a Karst Landscape.

6. MECHANICAL WEATHERING
Where the weather breaks down the rocks. One way is called Freeze Thaw Action
FREEZE THAW ACTION
1 Water enters cracks in a rock
2 At night water freezes and expands
3 Ice melts. The freezing and melting weakens the rock and it breaks apart.

7. CHEMICAL WEATHERING
CHEMICAL WEATHERING: RAINWATER CONTAINS AN ACID CALLED CARBONIC ACID WHICH CAN DISSOLVE ROCKS LIKE LIMESTONE.
KARST: A KARST REGION IS MADE UP OF EXPOSED LIMESTONE THE BURREN IN CO. CLARE

8. Karst is made of limestone.
Limestone is easily eroded by rain water.
Two types of features:
OVERGROUND FEATURES
(1) Clints and Grikes: A Grike is the trenches eroded by the rain. A Clint is the block between the Grikes

9. (2) Swallow Hole: The Burren is full of Caves
(2) Swallow Hole: The Burren is full of Caves. Rivers sometimes disappear down a hole called a Swallow Hole into caves.
UNDERGROUND FEATURES
(1) Stalagtites: Water dripping from the roof of a cave leaves a layer of calcite. This calcite builds up over time to form a Stalagtite.
(2) Stalagmite: When water drops hit the floor of a cave they also leave a layer of calcite. Over time they build up to form a Salagmite
(3) Pillar: Where a stalagmite and stalagtite meet they form a Pillar.

10. KEY TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW
Mechanical Weathering
Freeze Thaw Action
Chemical Weathering
The Burren as a Karst Region
Overground Features: Clint’s, Grikes Swallow Holes
Underground Features: Stalagtites, Stalagmites, Pillars