1. Elements and the Periodic Table

2. There are 3 categories for the elements
Metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals

3. Location

4. Metals Good conductors of heat and electricity
Solids at room temperature (except Hg)
Malleable: can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets
Ductile: can be drawn into a fine wire
Tensile strength is high: resists breaking when pulled

5. Metalloids

6. Metalloids
Elements that have some characteristics of metals and some of nonmetals
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te (sometimes At included)
Solids at room temperature
Less malleable than metals
Not as brittle as nonmetals
Semiconductors of electricity

7. Nonmetals

8. Nonmetals Poor conductors Brittle (if solid)
1 liquid, 11 gases, 6 solids at room temperature
Located at upper right of periodic table
Hydrogen is only nonmetal on the left side of the periodic table

9. Group 1 Alkali Metals 1 electron in outer level
Very reactive (easier for them to bond to other elements creating compounds)
Soft, silver in color, shiny, low density
*remember the video I showed you about how these metals react with water and air*
*Li,Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

10. Group 2 Alkaline-Earth Metals
Contain 2 electrons in their outer level
Reactive, but not as reactive as Alkali Metals
Silver in color, higher density than alkali metals
*Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Uses: Chalk, cement, bones, teeth all have Calcium in them. Magnesium can be combined with other low-density metals to build airplanes.

11. Groups 3-12 Transition Metals
Can contain either 1 or 2 electrons in their outer level.
Less reactive than alkaline-earth metals
Shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity
Higher densities
Higher melting points than groups 1 and 2 except Mercury (Hg)
Uses: structural materials, jewelry, coins.

12. Transition Metals

13. Group 13 Boron Group Contains one metalloid and 5 metals
3 electrons in outer level
Reactive
Solid at room temperature
Aluminum is the most common metal in Earth’s crust.
*B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Uut

14. Group 14 Carbon Group One nonmetal, two metalloids, and three metals
4 electrons in outer level
Reactivity varies among elements
Solid at room temperature
*CARBON-so important, why???
*C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Uuq

15. Group 15 Nitrogen Group
Group contains two nonmetals, two metalloids, and two metals
5 electrons in outer level
Reactivity varies among elements
Solid at room temperature except Nitrogen
*Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in our atmosphere!
*Phosphorus is extremely reactive for a nonmetal, it’s used to make matches!
*N, P, As, Sb, Bi, Uup

16. Group 16 Oxygen Group Three nonmetals, two metalloids, and one metal
6 electrons in the outer level
Reactive
Solid at room temperature (except oxygen)
21% of our atmosphere is composed of oxygen!
Oxygen is necessary for anything to burn, it is also important to most living things.
Sulfur is utilized greatly in the chemical industry in the form of sulfuric acid.
*O, S, Se, Te, Po,Lv

17. Group 17 Halogens Nonmetals Contain 7 electrons in outer level
Very reactive
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Violent reactions with alkali metals to form salts (never uncombined in nature)
*uses: Chlorine and Iodine are used as disinfectants
*F, Cl, Br, I, At

18. Group 18 Noble Gases Nonmetals
Contains 8 electrons in their outer level, except Helium which has 2.
Unreactive
Colorless, odorless gas at room temperature.
Argon is the most common noble gas on Earth, makes up 1% of our atmosphere. All other gases are called trace gases, because they are found in such small amounts.
*He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

19. Hydrogen Nonmetal Has only one electron in outer level Very reactive
Colorless, odorless gas at room temperature, explosive reaction with oxygen.
Low density
*Most abundant element in our universe (stars)!

20. Lanthanides and Actinides

21. Lanthanides and Actinides
These metals are part of the transition metals.
They are located at the bottom of the periodic table.
Often mixed with other metals to make them stronger.
Most well-known actinide is uranium.
(more facts about these two groups)

22. Synthetic (Man-made) Elements
Many of the very large elements are not found naturally on Earth.
Atomic numbers are greater than 92.
These elements are made by forcing nuclear particles together (fusion).
Ex. Uranium (92) and carbon (6) are fused together to create californium (98).

23. Trends in the Periodic Table
Trend: a predictable change in a particular direction
We will study 5 periodic trends