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Behavioral Views of Learning

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Presentation on theme: "Behavioral Views of Learning"— Presentation transcript:

1 Behavioral Views of Learning

2 Definition of Learning
Permanent change Change in behavior or knowledge Learning is the result of experience Not the result of maturation or temporary conditions

3 Contiguity Learning Learning by simple associations: Pairing
Stimulus Response

4 Pavlov: Classical Conditioning
Involuntary responses: Respondents

5 Repeat pairing US with NS
Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned Response Unconditioned Stimulus Repeat pairing US with NS Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

6 More on Classical Conditioning
Generalization Discrimination Extinction

7 Skinner: Operant Conditioning
Operants: Deliberate actions Antecedents Behavior Consequences Reinforcement strengthens behavior Punishment weakens/suppresses behavior

8 Types of Consequences Something can be given or taken away
Good consequences: Something desired given, something aversive taken away Bad consequences

9 Types of Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement Strengthen behavior by presenting desired stimulus Negative reinforcement Strengthen behavior by removing aversive stimulus

10 Types of Punishment Presentation Punishment Removal Punishment
Weakens behavior by presenting aversive stimulus Removal Punishment Weakens behavior by removing pleasant stimulus

11 Reinforcement Schedules

12 Controlling Antecedents
Providing information about expected behaviors Signaling when a behavior should be emitted Cueing Prompting

13 Applied Behavior Analysis
Baseline behavior Target behavior Classroom application: - Specify the desired behavior - Plan a specific intervention - Keep track of the results

14 Interventions: Encouraging Positive Behavior
Teacher attention Premack principle Shaping Positive practice

15 Coping with Undesirable Behaviors
Negative reinforcement Satiation Reprimands: soft & private Response cost Social isolation Punishment

16 Behavioral Management
Group consequences Token reinforcement Contingency contracts

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