1. Segregation & Discrimination
Mr. Hammill
Phillip O Berry High School

2. Social equality vs. legal equality
SOCIAL REALITY
Which way will the scale tip?
Social equality vs. legal equality

3. What does this quote mean?
“We can be as separate as the fingers, yet as one as the hand in all things for mutual progress”

4. Types of Segregation De Jure Segregation;
This is segregation by law or by the court
De Facto Segregation:
This is segregation by custom or tradition, you see this today

5. Booker T. Washington Son of a slave & white father Self taught
Hampton Institute – Virginia (1868)
Built Tuskegee Institute – Alabama 1881
Vocational education or Economic Security
Wrote about his views in the “Atlanta Compromise”
- Avoided protests
- Blacks should accept segregation for the time and work on getting jobs and learning trades
Supported by Business leaders & presidents

6. Booker T. Washington & Tuskegee Institute

7. W.E.B. Du Bois Born in Massachusetts Studied in German universities
Classical education
1st African-Am. to earn Harvard
Most famous book- The Souls of Black Folks
Led the Niagara Movement
- equality
- black pride
- protests
Helped form the NAACP (1909)

8. W.E.B. Du Bois

9. Ida B. Wells Born into slavery Moved to Memphis 1880s Teacher
Editor of newspaper
Crusade for justice against lynching
Sought tougher legislation
against lynching's

11. Voting Restriction Poll Tax had to pay in order to vote
Blacks & poor white sharecroppers could not afford it
Grandfather clause
whites could vote if grandfather voted prior to Jan. 1st, 1867
before the 15th Amendment
Lynchings
Were used to prevent African Americans from voting

12. Jim Crow Laws Racial segregation laws passed by Southern states
Schools
Hospitals
Parks
Transportation systems
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
U.S. Supreme Court
 “separate but equal”

13. social reality
SOCIAL REALITY
Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896
Supreme Court legalized segregation throughout the nation.
“Separate but Equal” as long as public facilities were equal
Problem: Black facilities never equal to White facilities

14. US would be segregated until the 1960’s.
SOCIAL REALITY
Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896
US would be segregated until the 1960’s.

15. Debt Peonage System that bound laborers into slavery
Mexicans and African-Americans
1911 – Supreme Court declares violation against 13th Amendment

16. Discrimination in the North
Segregated neighborhoods
Labor unions denied black membership
Last hired first fired