1. The Cell

2. The head of a pin at different levels of resolution

3. I. The
Cell
Theory

4. The Cell Theory… ALL living things are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function.
All cells arise from pre-existing cells (cell division)

5. Bacteria
The smallest organisms that have these properties are bacteria

6. Exception

7. Exception to Cell Theory
Viruses are not made of cells
Viruses do contain genetic material (DNA)
Viruses lack typical cell structures

8. Scientists believe that viruses may be able to make themselves deadlier by invading bacteria and stealing their DNA.

9. II. Two types of cells A.) Prokaryotic (no nucleus)
Ex: bacteria – have cells wall and flagella (long, threadlike structure used for movement)
B.) Eukaryotic (true nucleus)
Ex: protist (ameba), fungi (mushroom), plants (autotroph), and animals (heterotroph)

10. Cell
Pictures...

11. Leaf Cells

12. Onion Cell

13. Blood Cells

14. Malaria

16. Bacteria

17. Bacteria live on your tongue!!!

18. Sperm & Egg Cell

19. Fertilized Eggs

20. Cancer of Skin Cells

21. Eye Cells

22. Muscle Cells

23. Fat Cells

24. Therefore,
everything living
is made up of cells!

25. 1. 8. 2. 3. 9. 4.
10. 5.
11. 6. 7.

26. 1. 2. 3. 7. 4. 8. 9.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
11.
11.
12. 5. 6.

27. So, what are
cells made up of?

28. Cells
are made up of
Organelles!

29. Cell
Organelles

30. Cell
Membrane

31. Cell (plasma) Membrane

32. The Cell Membrane

33. The Cell Membrane – STRUCTURE (PICTURE)

34. The Cell Membrane – FUNCTIONS
Maintains homeostasis by being selectively permeable – selects what goes into and out of the cell
Maintains cell shape

36. Fluid Mosaic Model

37. Cell (plasma) Membrane

38. Nucleus

39. Nucleus

40. Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane

41. BOSS: DNA  deoxyribonucleic acid
Function: Control all cell activities, including cell division
The nucleus contains chromosomes

42. Function: Store RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Separate Area
Nucleolus
Function: Store RNA (ribonucleic acid)

43. PICTURE

44. Ribosomes

45. Ribosomes

46. Ribosomes
Function: to manufacture protein (built out of amino acids)
Two Types:
A) Free Ribosomes – Float freely in the cell
B) Attached Ribosomes- attached to ER

47. Popeye is active because he eats spinach
Popeye is active because he eats spinach. However, for Popeye’s cells to be active, his ribosomes help create proteins!

48. Endoplasmic
Reticulum

49. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Manufacture and Transport Site

52. Structure: channel waves enclosed in a membrane
Function: Transports cell materials
Two Types:
1) Rough ER – has ribosomes (makes protein)
2) Smooth ER

54. Golgi Body

55. Golgi Body/Golgi Apparatus

56. Structure: Stacks of membranes
Function: Package products into vesicles (containers)

58. Vacuole

59. Structure: membrane enclosed “sphere”
Function: to store substances

60. Vacuole

62. Lysosome

63. Lysosomes

64. Structure: Stores Digestive Enzymes
Function: Digestion (breakdown) of bacteria and germs
THINK LYSOL!

65. Lysosome

66. Mitochondria

67. Mitochondria (A & P)

68. Mitochondria

69. The Powerhouse of the Cell!

70. Formula for Cellular Respiration
Structure:
Function: Release stored energy in food and make cell energy called ATP
Glucose + Oxygen ATP + Carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + O2  ATP + CO2 + H2O
Formula for Cellular Respiration

71. What fuels the mitochondria?
GLUCOSE AND OXYGEN

72. Centrioles

73. Centrioles 10) Centrioles:
Small barrel shaped structures located outside cell nucleus
This is one pair
Function: to assist the cell during cell division

74. 11) Cilia (pl.) Cillium (sing.):
Small, numerous hairlike projections on the cell surface
Not all cells are equipped with cilia.
Locomotion: MOVEMENT OF ORGANISMS FROM PLACE TO PLACE
Functions:
Protection – TRACHEA – CILIA BEAT OUT UNWANTED INHALED SUBSTANCES

75. 12) Flagella (pl.) Flagellum (sing.):
Longer, whiplike projections on the cell surface. Less numerous than cilia.
Function: locomotion
Ex: sperm cell

76. Cytoplasm

77. Cytoplasm (A & P)
Jelly-like fluid inside the cell

78. PICTURE

79. GAME:
Name that
Cell
Organelle!!!

80. Directions… Name on top of page Number your paper from 1-11
Write down the correct name of the cell organelle
AND any fact you can remember about that particular organelle

81. 1. 8. 2. 3. 9. 4.
10. 5.
11. 6. 7.

82. Check
your
answers!

83. 2. Golgi Bodies 8. Lysosome 9. Rough ER 4. Nucleus 10. Smooth ER
1. Mitochondria
8. Lysosome
2. Golgi Bodies
3. Nucleolus
9. Rough ER
4. Nucleus
10. Smooth ER
5. Centrioles
11. Cell Membrane
6.Cytoplasm
7. Ribosome

84. Cell: Simplest unit of life that can carry out life activities
Cell: Simplest unit of life that can carry out life activities. Organelle is to a cell as an organ is to an organism ORGANIZATION:

85. Unicellular -1 cell -total organism -does all life activities
Multicellular -many cells make up the entire organism
Unicellular -1 cell -total organism -does all life activities

86. Plant
Cells

88. Remember: Plants cells contain the same organelles as animal cells do:
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus/Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Rough and Smooth ER
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Golgi Bodies

89. But they also contain the following organelles NOT found in animal cells:
Cell Wall (different from cell membrane)
Chloroplasts (green color)
Larger Vacuole

91. Cell
Wall

92. 1) Cell Wall
Provides support and shape for the cell

93. Cell Wall

94. Chloroplast

95. 2) Chloroplast
Contains a pigment called chlorophyll which helps plants carry on photosynthesis (light energy is used to make food)

96. Chloroplasts

97. 3) Large Vacuole
Maintains the rigid structure of the cell and of the plant

98. Plant Vacuole

99. Summary

100. Animal Cells
Vs.
Plant Cells

101. Compare the
following
cells

102. Plant Cell
Animal Cell

103. How are they different? Plant cells are green and are box-like
Animal cells are not green and are round

104. How are they alike? Both contain cell organelles (nucleus)
Each cell organelle has its own function!

105. All cells contain… Cell membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleus
Rough/Smooth ER
Mitochondria
Nucleolus
Vacuoles
Golgi Bodies

106. Name 3 structural differences between a plant & animal cell.
Animal cells are round, plant cells box-like
Plant cells contain a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a larger vacuole
Animal cells contain lysosomes and centrioles

107. In Multicellular Organisms…
Organelles work together to make up CELLS
Cells are grouped together to form TISSUES
Tissues can be combined to make ORGANS
And different organs can work together as an ORGAN SYSTEMS

108. In Conclusion…
Cells may have different structures (shapes) and different functions (jobs), but ALL cells must work together in a coordinated manner to carry out the processes of life.

109. The End