1. Types of Cells There are two broad groups of cells Organelle
Prokaryotes
Do NOT have membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes
DO have membrane-bound organelles
Organelle
Structure within a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function for cell survival

2. Eukaryotes Does have a membrane bound nucleus
DNA is bound within the nucleus
Does Contain membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes may be unicellular (algae and yeast) or multicellular (plants and animals)

3. Plasma Membrane (or Cell Membrane)
Boundary of the cell
Controls what goes in and out of the cell through the selectively permeable membrane
Keeps some things out and lets some things in
Maintains cell’s homeostasis

4. Cell Wall Found outside the cell membrane
Gives the cell added support and protection
Made of the carbohydrate, cellulose
This mesh of cellulose is porous and allows anything to pass through
Plants, fungi, some protists and most bacteria (prokaryotes) have cell walls
Animals DO NOT
Cell Wall

5. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is a semi-fluid material inside the cell
It contains the molecules and organelles in the cell
It is bound by the cell membrane

6. Nucleus and Nuclear Envelope
Functions in the genetic control of the cell
Contains the chromosomes which are composed of DNA
The nuclear envelope is a membrane that
surrounds the nucleus
Regulates the materials that pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
In eukaryotic cells (plants AND animals) * *
* Important parts to know

7. Mitochondria
This is the site of cellular respiration, a process that provides the cell with energy
The “POWERHOUSE”
The more energy a cell needs, the more mitochondria they may have
For example, a muscle cell would need more mitochondria than a bone cell because it requires more energy to do its job
In eukaryotic cells

8. Chloroplast Contains the green pigment chlorophyll
Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar during photosynthesis
Only found in plants and some algae

9. Ribosomes Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis Can be found
floating free in the cytoplasm
or on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
In eukaryotes AND prokaryotes

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
ER is a complex, extensive network that transports materials throughout the inside of the cell
Rough ER:
Has ribosomes attached
Smooth ER:
Has no ribosomes
In eukaryotes only

11. Golgi Apparatus
Function: Modifies, collects, packages, and distributes molecules within the cell or outside the cell
In eukaryotes

12. Lysosomes
Small organelles containing digestive enzymes to break down food particles, worn out organelles, bacteria, and viruses into particles that can be used by the rest of the cell
In eukaryotes

13. Vacuoles
Sac-like structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Plants have one large vacuole that also helps give support to flowers and leaves
Animal cell vacuoles are much smaller than plant cell vacuoles
In eukaryotes
plant
animal

14. Cilia and Flagella
Function: Helps to move the cell or its outer environment; some organisms use them to capture food.
Cilia – short, numerous, hair-like projections that move in a wavelike motion
Animal cells and protists
Flagella – longer projections that move in a whip-like motion
Animal cells, bacteria, and protists

15. Prokaryotes * * * * Cytoplasm * Important parts to know
No true nucleus
DNA is not bound in a nucleus or arranged in chromosomes
Do not have most membrane-bound organelles
They do have ribosomes for protein synthesis
They do not have mitochondria. They get their energy from the sun or from chemicals in the environment
Many prokaryotes are unicellular
This cell type includes all bacteria * * *
* Cytoplasm
* Important parts to know

16. Prokaryotes vs. Plants vs. Animals
Organelle
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Plants
Animals
Plasma Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleus
DNA
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes                

17. Prokaryotes vs. Plants vs. Animals
Organelle
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Plants
Animals
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Cytoplasm
Cilia or Flagella              