1. World War I
Chapter 10

2. Causes ____________ assassinated – 1914 Tension b/w nations
Ambition/Social Darwinism
______________
________ism

3. Causes Francis Ferdinand assassinated - 1914 Tension b/w nations
Ambition/Social Darwinism
Alliances
Militarism
Nationalism
Imperialism

4. Why did militarism make it more difficult to avoid the outbreak of war?
How did many Europeans’ idea of nationalism change in the late 1800’s?
What predictors of war were in place before fighting began?
Why did European countries form so many alliances?

5. Allied & Central Powers
Allied Powers
___________
Central Powers

6. Allied & Central Powers
Allied Powers
Great Britain
France
Russia
Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary

7. Characteristics __________ warfare on _________ Front __________
Stalemate on Western Front
New technology + old tactics = mass casualties

8. Characteristics Trench Warfare on Western Front Poison Gas Artillery
Machine Guns
Tanks
Planes
Stalemate on Western Front
New technology + old tactics = mass casualties

9. What does an army sacrifice when it commits to the protection provided by a trench?
Why was the war on the Western front at a stalemate?

10. U.S. Neutrality U.S. wants to remain neutral initially
View war as European issue
Wanted to maintain isolationism
Divided loyalties
Do business with both sides
Isolationists – Stay out, not our problem
Interventionists – Should intervene
Internationalists – Work toward peace

11. Why did Americans not want to enter the war in Europe?

12. Reasons for U.S. Entry - 1917 ____________ sunk by ____________
Zimmerman Note – Germany urges __________ to attack the U.S. and regain lost land
Germany resumes _________ ________ warfare

13. Reasons for U.S. Entry - 1917 Lusitania sunk by German U-Boat
Zimmerman Note – Germany urges Mexico to attack the U.S. and regain lost land
Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare

14. How would a U-Boat be able to stop delivery of supplies from one country to another?
Why did Germany violate its promise to spare unarmed ships, even at the risk of drawing the U.S. into the war?
What do you think might have happened if the Germans had kept their pledge not to sink another unarmed ship?

15. Mobilization Selective Service Act
War Industries Board – Regulate production of war materials/industry
Bernard Baruch - head
CPI – Sell the war

16. Opposition Some opposition to the war Conscientious Objectors
Women’s Peace Party – Oppose the war b/c of pacifism
Espionage and Sedition Acts - Can’t criticize war/govt.
Schenck vs. United States – Need for public order outweighs personal freedoms
Persecution of German-Americans

17. Societal Changes Women take on new roles Great Migration
Nurses, Red Cross
Worked in factories
Helping the war effort
Great Migration
Jobs/Opportunities
Escape the persecution/racism

18. End of the War America boosts the Allies War ends
Russia leaves the war b/c of revolution
Convoys protect Allied shipping
Fresh troops (doughboys), fight offensive war
Alvin York becomes a hero
War ends
Armistice – November 11, :00 AM
“11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month”

19. Treaty of Versailles
President Wilson travels to Paris for the Peace Conference w/ 14 Points
Plan for future peace
Create League of Nations
New nations based on National Self-Determination
Other Allied leaders want to punish Germany and end German threat
Germany accepts 100% guilt for the war
Germany must pay harsh reparations
German military reduced, Germany loses land

20. U.S. and the Treaty U.S. Congress refuses to ratify the treaty
The U.S. never signs treaty or join the League of Nations

21. Post-War Problems Influenza Epidemic Race Riots Labor unrest Red Scare
1918 – Killed millions
Race Riots
Racial tension and job competition
Labor unrest
Inflation  strikes and violence
Red Scare
Fear of communists and radicals
Hysteria and some violence fuel Red Scare
Palmer Raids arrest suspected radicals
Sacco and Vanzetti
Italian anarchist immigrants charged with murder, convicted, executed

22. Return to Normalcy Warren Harding (R) wins 1920 election
Public tired of progressive reform, wants return to a simpler time
New role of U.S. in world affairs
U.S. still involved in world affairs
Richest, most powerful industrial nation
Creditor nation to the world
Seeks Isolationism