1. Lamotrigine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial 
Jari Tiihonen, Tero Hallikainen, Olli-Pekka Ryynänen, Eila Repo-Tiihonen, Irma Kotilainen, Markku Eronen, Päivi Toivonen, Kristian Wahlbeck, Anu Putkonen 
Biological Psychiatry 
Volume 54, Issue 11, Pages (December 2003)
DOI: /S (03)

2. Figure 1
Flow diagram of all patients in the study. All 59 ( ) allocated treatment periods were included in the analysis. Of these patients, 30 ( ) patients had received placebo and 29 ( ) patients had received lamotrigine.
Biological Psychiatry  , DOI: ( /S (03) )

3. Figure 2
The effect (mean change ± SEM) of lamotrigine (circles, n = 29) and placebo (squares, n = 30) treatment on PANSS positive symptom scores. PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
Biological Psychiatry  , DOI: ( /S (03) )

4. Figure 3
Intention-to-treat analysis of the treatment outcome (assessed with PANSS positive symptom scale) illustrated with drug-placebo response curve (Faraone et al 2000). The best response is located in the lower left corner, and the worst response is located in the upper right corner. The curve indicates the rate (%) of patients having the same or better response than the score change indicated on the curve during lamotrigine and placebo treatment. For example, 21% of the patients in lamotrigine group (i.e., during lamotrigine treatment) obtained a decrease of 3 points or more, whereas the corresponding proportion during placebo treatment was 3% (open circle). The diagonal line between the corners is the line of no effect (the rate of response being the same in both groups). For clarity, only some of the scores are labeled. Dropouts were calculated as “no change.” The probability for “area under curve” was .039 (Mann–Whitney U test, 2-tailed). PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
Biological Psychiatry  , DOI: ( /S (03) )