1. Causes of
European
Exploration

2. European Exploration
Goods were desired from the Far East (East Asia) to trade in Europe
Holy Land
Mediterranean
Sea
Goods must travel through the Mediterranean Sea
Italian traders created a monopoly
This made goods too expensive for most Europeans
Italian monopoly led to a desire to navigate around
the Middle East

3. EUROPEAN SPICE TRADE Land route later closed off by Ottoman Empire.
Italian Monopoly
Trade route running from Asia to Europe. Many luxuries came from Asia, such as silk.

4. Search for an all water route
Educated people believed the world was round
The first country to search for an all water route to Asia was Portugal
They sailed south to try to sail around Africa

5. Technology as a cause of exploration
Improved technology led to seeking an all water route to the Far East without going through the Holy Land
a. Magnetic Compass – to determine direction
b. Astrolabe - was used to calculating position by using the sun and stars

6. c. Sextant - used to determine latitude by pointing at horizon and using the suns position
d. Caravel - a ship with 3 masts, 2 square sails and a single triangular sail that moved to catch crosswinds

7. Gutenberg and the Printing Press Technology as a cause of exploration
German Johannes Gutenberg makes a printing press using moveable type in 1440.
Revolutionizes book making and the spread of ideas

8. Spanish Exploration Believed he found Asia
Landed on the island of Hispaniola (Haiti) in 1492
Spain wants in on the wealth
To share in the rich Asian trade
Gold, Glory, & spreading God
Christopher Columbus
Sail west to reach Asia

10. Land Disputes in the New World
Spain & Portugal fought over
new lands
Almost came to war
Line of Demarcation
Line drawn by the Pope dividing the world between Spain & Portugal
Portugal protested the
placement of the line
Treaty of Tordesillas
Moved the Line of Demarcation west
Portugal able to settle in New World

11. French & Dutch Exploration
Sought a Northwest Passage to Asia
None were successful
Set-up a profitable fur-trading market with the Natives living in the New World
Not interested in colonizing…only trading

12. Religion as a Cause Most western European nations were Catholic
Catholic church controlled by the Pope
Pope & the Church felt it necessary to spread Christianity
Missionaries left Europe by the thousands to Christianize the world
European monarchs charted many voyages with this plan

13. Economic cause - Mercantilism
Colonies exist to make profit for their European home-country
Favorable balance of trade
Colony produces raw materials for the country
Colony buys finished product from the country

14. MERCANTILISM COLONIES ENGLAND $$$ RESOURCES TIMBER IRON FISH
MANUFACTURED GOODS
ENGLAND
INDIGO
RICE
COTTON

15. COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
The exchange of goods, ideas and diseases between the New World, Africa and Europe.

16. Trade Routes Settlers in Colonial America engaged in 3 types of trade
Trade with other colonies
Direct exchange of goods with Europe
The Triangular Trade
Between Europe, Africa and the New World
Middle Passage

17. BEGINNINGS OF AFRICAN SLAVERY
Spain and Portugal brought the first African slaves to the Americas.
Nearly 2 Million slaves died on long journey from Africa to the Americas on the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade routes.