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Fundamentals of Web Programming
Beginning HTML
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Web Browsers (aka. Browsers)
Needed in order to view web pages Interprets and displays web pages and enables you to interact with a web page Many available: Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Apple Safari Others? Use a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
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Web Browsers URL in address bar
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Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) - (aka, “links”, “hyperlinks”)
Protocol Sub-Domain Domain Name Top-Level Domains (TLDs) Directory (Folder) Web Page File Type
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Building a web page Three primary components
HTML – Content & Structure CSS – Style & Formatting JavaScript – Behavior & Interaction
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HTML Tags Tell browser what to do All code must open and close
UNIT 1 – Beginning HTML HTML Tags Tell browser what to do All code must open and close Open: <tag> Close: </tag> Case does not matter <tag> = <TAG> Invalid tags are ignored
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HTML Tags Common Tags: <HTML> </HTML>
UNIT 1 – Beginning HTML HTML Tags Common Tags: <HTML> </HTML> <HEAD></HEAD> <TITLE></TITLE> <BODY></BODY> <FONT></FONT>
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Sample Web Site Code… Web Page Shows This… :: :: ::
UNIT 1 – Beginning HTML Sample Web Site Code… <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"> <html> <head> <!-- Enter Header Code to maintain information about the page here --> </head> <body> <!-- Enter HTML Code to Display Here --> : : </body> </html> Web Page Shows This… :: :: ::
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UNIT 1 – Beginning HTML Sample Web Site Code… <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"> <html> <head> <title>This is a Sample Page</title> </head> <body> <!-- Enter HTML Code to Display Here --> : : </body> </html>
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Title: My First Web Page Body:
UNIT 1 – Beginning HTML Practice It… Start new text file Save As: firstPage.html Title: My First Web Page Body: In this lesson you are building your first web page! Congratulations! Remember, you need to use the tags from this lesson in every web page you build.
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Practice It…What it should look like…
UNIT 1 – Beginning HTML Practice It…What it should look like… <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> My First Web Page </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> In this lesson you are building your first web page! Congratulations! Remember, you need to use the tags from this lesson in every web page you build. </BODY> </HTML>
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Practice It… Open new Text file
UNIT Practice It… Open new Text file Save As: PracticeU1_1.html TITLE should be: Practice 1-1 – YOUR NAME In BODY write a paragraph (2-3 sentences) answering the following questions: What purpose does the HEAD section serve? What goes in the BODY section? What happens if you use invalid tags? Why do we use a text editor to write HTML? Have Mrs. Leimkuehler check your web page.
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Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lesson 2 – Modifying HTML
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Practice It… Open new text file Save As: PracticeU2_1.html
UNIT 2- Modifying HTML Practice It… Open new text file Save As: PracticeU2_1.html THE TITLE should be Practice 2-1 YOUR NAME IN THE BODY: Write your name, class period, address, parents names, and names of siblings and/or pets. Press ENTER after each. Press ENTER 3 times, write a paragraph about what you plan to do after high school.
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Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lesson 3 – Headings
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HTML Headings What is a heading? Why are they important on web pages?
UNIT 3 – Headings and Paragraphs HTML Headings What is a heading? Why are they important on web pages?
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HTML Headings <hN> </hN> <HN> </HN>
UNIT 3 – Headings and Paragraphs HTML Headings <hN> </hN> <HN> </HN> “N” symbolizes a number 1-6
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HTML Headings Open a new NotePad document Save it as headings.html
UNIT 3 – Headings and Paragraphs HTML Headings Open a new NotePad document Save it as headings.html Create a basic web page with the 4 required tags Make the TITLE: Headings Template In the BODY section, enter the following: Below existing BODY text, enter: This is normal text. <h1>This is an h1 heading</h1> <h2>This is an h2 heading</h2> <h3>This is an h3 heading</h3> <h4>This is an h4 heading</h4> <h5>This is an h5 heading</h5> <h6>This is an h6 heading</h6>
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Your code should look like this…
UNIT 3 – Headings and Paragraphs Your code should look like this… <html> <head> <title>Headings Template</title> </head> <body> This is normal text. <h1>This is an h1 heading</h1> <h2>This is an h2 heading</h2> <h3>This is an h3 heading</h3> <h4>This is an h4 heading</h4> <h5>This is an h5 heading</h5> <h6>This is an h6 heading</h6> </body> </html>
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HTML Headings Save File As: PracticeU3_1.html Open in your browser
UNIT 3 – Headings and Paragraphs HTML Headings Open File PracticeU2_1.html Enter the following after the <BODY> tag, before your name: <h1>About Me</h1> <h2>Name</h2> Before your ADDRESS, enter the following: <h2> Address</h2> Before your PARENTS/GUARDIANS NAMES, enter the following: <h2>Parents / Guardians</h2> Before your SIBLINGS AND PETS NAMES, enter the following: <h2>SIBLINGS AND PETS</h2> Before your SIBLINGS NAMES, enter the following: <h3>SIBLINGS</h3> Before your PETS NAMES, enter the following: <h3>PETS</h3> Save File As: PracticeU3_1.html Open in your browser
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Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lesson 4 –Paragraphs
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HTML Paragraphs What is there to know? Tags you will see:
UNIT 4 –Paragraphs HTML Paragraphs What is there to know? HTML ignores carriage returns (ENTER) Must enter special tag to insert a new line or paragraph Tags you will see: <br> <p> <hr>
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HTML Paragraphs INSERT PARAGRAPH BREAKS <p> </p>
UNIT 4 –Paragraphs HTML Paragraphs INSERT PARAGRAPH BREAKS <p> </p> INSERT HORIZONTAL RULE <hr> </hr> INSERT LINE BREAKS <br>
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Practice Open File PracticeU3_1.html
UNIT 4 –Paragraphs Practice Open File PracticeU3_1.html In the area where you wrote about your plans after high school, add the following: Insert a Paragraph Break after the first paragraph of information (or after the 1st sentence if you don’t have a full paragraph!) Insert a Line Break before the last sentence. At the top of the page, after the ABOUT ME heading, insert a horizontal rule. Save the file and open it in a browser.
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Fundamentals of Web Programming
Lesson 5 - Stylizing Font
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Most Common Style Tags Bold Italic Font Typeface Font Color Font Size
UNIT 5 - Stylizing Font Most Common Style Tags Bold <b></b> Italic <i></i> Font Typeface <font face=“Times New Roman”>Text</font> Font Color <font color=“FF0000”>Text</font> <font color=“red”>Text</font> Font Size <font size=“1”>Text</font>
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UNIT 5 - Stylizing Font Making it BOLD Bold text generally used for headings or emphasized text Large blocks of text should not be bold How it works: <html> <head> <title>Example</title> </head> <body> This is normal text. <p> <b>This is bold text.</b> </body> </html> This is normal text. This is bold text.
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Using Italics Italic text generally used to emphasize text
UNIT 5 - Stylizing Font Using Italics Italic text generally used to emphasize text Large blocks of text should not be italic How it works: <html> <head> <title>Example</title> </head> <body> This is normal text. <p> <i>This is italic text.</i> </body> </html> This is normal text. This is italic text.
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Choosing a Different Font
UNIT 5 - Stylizing Font Choosing a Different Font Times New Roman is generally the default “Safe” Fonts: Times New Roman / Times Arial / Helvetica Courier New / Courier Others that usually work: Verdana Georgia Comic Sans MS Trebuchet MS Arial Black Impact
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Choosing a Different Font
UNIT 5 - Stylizing Font Choosing a Different Font How it works: <html> <head> <title>Example</title> </head> <body> This is normal text. <p> <font face=“Arial”>This text uses Arial font.</font> <font face=“Comic Sans MS”>This is Comic Sans. </font> </body> </html> This is normal text. This text uses Arial font. This is Comic Sans.
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I want color! Black is default Web browsers use 216-color palette
UNIT 5 - Stylizing Font I want color! Black is default Web browsers use 216-color palette
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I want color! 16 color names are browser recognized Aqua Black Blue
UNIT 5 - Stylizing Font I want color! 16 color names are browser recognized Aqua Black Blue Fuchsia Gray Green Lime Maroon Navy Olive Purple Red Silver Teal White Yellow
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I want color! Other colors identified using hexadecimal notation
UNIT 5 - Stylizing Font I want color! Other colors identified using hexadecimal notation 6 Digits identify each of 216 colors Examples: FF Red 66FF00 - Lime Green 0000FF - Blue Black FFFFFF - White
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I want color! How it works: <html> <head>
UNIT 5 - Stylizing Font I want color! How it works: <html> <head> <title>Example</title> </head> <body> This is normal text. <p> <font color=“0000FF”>This is blue text.</font> <font color=“blue”>This is blue text too.</font> </body> </html> This is normal text. This is blue text. This is blue text too.
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Font Size Default font size is approximately “12pt”
UNIT 5 - Stylizing Font Font Size Default font size is approximately “12pt” Larger text typically used for headings How it works: <html> <head> <title>Example</title> </head> <body> This is normal text. <p> <font size=“7”>This is BIG text.</font> <font size=“1”>This is tiny text.</font> </body> </html> This is normal text. This is BIG text. This is tiny text.
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Font Size - NEW TECHNOLOGY
UNIT 5 - Stylizing Font Font Size - NEW TECHNOLOGY Font size specified in “pixels” rather than an arbitrary number More control How it works: <html> <head> <title>Example</title> </head> <body> This is normal text. <p> <font size=“25px”>This is BIG text.</font> <font size=“1px”>This is tiny text.</font> </body> </html> This is normal text. This is BIG text. This is tiny text.
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Combining the Font Tags!
What if we want our text to be colorful and a different font? 2 options: <font color = “FF0000”><font face = “Arial”>This text is blue and Arial</font></font> - OR - <font color = “FF0000” face = “Arial”>This text is blue and Arial too!</font> What’s the difference? We only open the <font> tag one time, we just use multiple modifiers (color and face). Therefore, we only have to close the </font> tag one time rather than two!
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More Style Options More infrequently used styles: Underline
UNIT 5 - Stylizing Font More Style Options More infrequently used styles: Underline <u></u> Example Strike Through <strike></strike> Superscripts <sup></sup> Examplesuperscript Subscripts <sub></sub> Examplesubscript
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Try it! Create a basic web page that utilizes headings, font color/size/face, bold, and italic, paragraph breaks, line breaks, and a horizontal rule. Can you get them all to work properly? I will be evaluating your ability to properly use each of the tags listed above.
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