1. Body Organization: directional terms, regions, sections, planes, and cavities
February 9, 2017

2. Anatomical Position
The picture shows a body in anatomical position. The person is upright, with arms down and palms to the front.

3. Anatomical Position
All directional terms reference position with regards to anatomical position … even if the body in question is in a different position. Example: The head is superior (above) to the feet, whether you are standing up, laying down, or doing a handstand.

4. Directional Terms Important terms not shown on the diagram:
Deep – more internal
Superficial – toward / at body surface
Terms are used to describe relative position.
Example: the ribs are anterior to the spine

5. Directional Term Practice 1
Using your guided notes, answer the following
The knee is _____________________ to the hip bones.
The ears are _________________________ to the nose.
The elbow is on the _________________side of the arm.
Your naval is _______________________ to your arms.
Your thumbs are always _____________ to your fingers.
Your heart is _________________________ to your ribs.
Your shoulders are ________________ to your elbows._
inferior / distal
lateral
posterior / dorsal
medial
lateral
deep
superior / proximal

6. Directional Term Practice 2
Name a structure that is …
… medial to your eye
… lateral to your heart
…. distal to your wrist
… proximal to your elbow
… on the posterior side of the hand
…on the anterior side of the body
… superficial to the ribs

7. Regional Terms The body can be divided into two main regions:
Axial part – the main axis of our body
Head, neck, trunk
Appendicular part – the appendages
arms, legs

8. Regional Terms Your femur is on what part of the body?
The body can be divided into two main regions:
Axial part – the main axis of our body
Head, neck, trunk
Appendicular part – the appendages
arms, legs
Your femur is on what part of the body?
Your sternum is on what part of the body?

9. Regional Terms Your femur is on what part of the body? appendicular
The body can be divided into two main regions:
Axial part – the main axis of our body
Head, neck, trunk
Appendicular part – the appendages
arms, legs
Your femur is on what part of the body? appendicular
Your sternum is on what part of the body? axial

10. Body Planes and Sections
The body may be sectioned (cut) along a flat surface called a plane.
The three most common planes are:
Sagittal (Median) plane
(cuts body into left & right)
Frontal (coronal) plane
(cuts body into front & back)
Transverse plane (cross section)
(cuts body into superior &
inferior parts)
Sagittal – think twins

11. Body Planes and Sections
The body may be sectioned (cut) along a flat surface called a plane. Misconception alert! Planes do not have to be in the middle of the body to go by these names.

12. Body Planes and Sections
Which plane could be used to separate the hemispheres of the brain? sagittal the top and bottom of the kidney? transverse Which plane could be used to separate t The anterior and posterior parts of the body? frontal
Use full sentences

13. Body Cavities
Each membrane enclosed by double layered serous membranes, or serosa.

14. Body Cavities In which cavity are the following organs are found:
Name both the major and minor divisions.
Spinal cord
Lungs
Brain
Liver
Bladder
Small intestine
Dorsal, vertebral
Ventral, thoracic
Dorsal, cranial
Ventral, abdominal
Ventral, pelvic
Ventral, abdominal

15. Practice!
Look over your notes on: direction, regional, sectional, and cavity terms with a partner for 5 minutes. Then, we will play a game.

16. Game (Round 1)
Get a partner and 8 small pieces of tape, and label 1-8. Place the tape on your partner’s body to match the words. First one wins!

17. Game (Round 1) Medial to the eye Proximal to the knee
Inferior to the neck
On the anterior side of the body
Distal to the elbow
Posterior side of the hand
On the axial body
On the appendicular body

18. Game (Round 2) – switch

19. Game (Round 2) – switch Inferior to the heart Distal to the knee
On the posterior side of the neck
On the appendicular body
On the axial body
Medial to the lungs
Superior to the waist
On the anterior side of the arm

20. Game (Round 3)
Write on paper

21. Game (Round 3)
Write on paper. Identify the sectional cuts

22. Game (Round 3)
Write on paper. Identify the sectional cuts

23. Game (Round 4)
Write on paper.

24. Game (Round 4)
Write on paper. Identify the body cavities. Use minor classification (not ventral / dorsal).
Where the spinal cord is
Where the lungs are
Where the stomach is
Where the ovaries are
Where the kidneys are
Where the brain is

25. Game (Round 4) – Row Teams
Write on paper. Identify the body cavities. Use minor classification (not ventral / dorsal).
Where the spinal cord is
Where the lungs are
Where the stomach is
Where the ovaries are
Where the kidneys are
Where the brain is

26. Homework
Quiz next class