1. Mitochondria & Chloroplasts

2. Most cells get energy in one of two ways:
food molecules
sun

3. Mitochondria Almost all eukaryotes contain mitochondria
Converts chemical energy into compounds cells can use
Passed down in cytoplasm in egg cell
Double membrane – outer and inner
Inner membrane folded up inside
Increased surface area-produces more ATP

4. Mitochondria
Glucose is the principle energy source in most living organisms
More energy in a glucose molecule than the cell can immediately use
Mitochondria break down glucose to produce ATP – cellular respiration

5. ATP-Energy Source Adenosine triphosphate - stores energy
A-P~P~P
When energy is needed, the 3rd phosphate bond is broken releasing energy
A-P~P
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

6. Chloroplasts Contained in plants
Converts energy from sun into chemical energy – photosynthesis
Double membrane
Contain green pigment - chlorophyll

7. Endosymbiotic Theory
Single-celled prokaryotes microfossils found dating back to 3.5 bya
About 2 bya, prokaryotes began evolving internal cell membranes
Other prokaryotic organisms began to enter the ancestral eukaryotic cells forming a symbiotic relationship

8. Some prokaryotic could use oxygen to generate ATP – these became mitochondria
Some carried out photosynthesis – plants
The endosymbiotic theory supposes the eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic organisms

9. Evidence
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA similar to bacterial DNA
Both have ribosomes similar to bacteria
Both reproduce by binary fission like bacteria