1. Parul Polytechnic Institute
Subject Code :
Name Of Subject : ECHM
Name of Unit : WIND ENERGY
Topic : WIND ENERGY
Name of Faculty : Poonam Pal

2. VERTICAL AXIS WIND MILLS

3. Savonious wind mill
In 1920 S.J.Savonious has designed the savonious wind mill. The rotor of this vertical axis wind is S- shaped. It is made of from hemispherical drums welded to the vertical shaft fitted in the bearing which are fixed on the ground.

4. DARRIEUS WIND MILL
IN 1925 Georges Darrieus had designed vertical axis wind mill with light weight aerofoil blades to give less resistance to air and more rotational speed even in low speed wind.

5. HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND MILLS

6. TYPES OR CLASSIFICATION OF HAWT
(A) According to no. of blades :
Monoblade
Twinblade
Threeblade
(B) According to power output :
Small capacity = kw (rotor dia. = 1-16mt)
Medium capacity = kw (rotor dia. = 16-50mt)
Large capacity = kw (rotor dia. = mt)

7. TYPES OR CLASSIFICATION OF HAWT
(C) According to direction :
Upwind turbine
Downwind turbine
(D) According to Lift & Drag type :
Lift forces are perpendicular to direction of wind velocity.
Drag forces are in the same direction to wind velocity.

8. WORKING OF LARGE WIND TURBINE & ITS INTERNAL PARTS

9. PARTS OF LARGE WIND TURBINE
Rotor blade
Pitch
Brakes
Low speed shaft
Gearbox
High speed shaft
Generator
Anemometer
Nacelle
Windvane
Controller
Yaw drive
Yaw motor
Tower

10. TYPES OF GENERATOR USED IN WIND TURBINES
VSFC
CSFC
DC GENERATOR
PERMANENT MAGNET ALTERNATORS
INDUCTION GENERATORS

11. (A) VSFC (VARIABLE SPEED CONSTANT FREQUENCY) :
Frequency is variable.
Connected to rectifiers & inverter
After this constant frequency is achieved.
Additional charge of rectifier & inverter.
This power cannot be used for grid connection.

12. (B) CSFC (COSTANT SPEED CONSTANT FREQUENCY) :
Generate constant frequency directly.
Hence it is used in power grid system.
Types -
DC GENERATOR
PERMANENT MAGNET ALTERNATORS
INDUCTION GENERATORS

13. APPLICATIONS OF WINDMILL
For water pumping
For running flour mills
To run farm machines
Useful in cottage industry
Used for battery charging
Used in many forest projects
Used for generating electricity

14. SITE SELECTION FOR WIND MILLS
Where wind velocity is around 15 kms or more
Wind should be steady & blowing almost all year around.
Should not be big trees, buildings or near hills.
Should not be established in dense forest.
Best place – seashore or on island
Place should be selected where there is no thunderstorm.
Preferable near grid lines or power station.

15. WIND FARMS
When many power generating windmills are collectively installed at a place to generate electric power, the place is called as “wind farm”.
Places of windfarm –
Coastal areas of Gujarat like Kutch & Saurashtra.
IMAGE OF WINDMILL AT KUTCH

16. ADVANTAGES OF WINDFARM
They convert wind energy into electrical energy.
Maintenance is easy.
Do not need many persons to operate & run the plant.
Less expensive.
Wind farm produce clean, green & cheap power.
Do not generate green house gases; hence it is pollution free.