1. Melissa Bittner Gretchen Debner Lenice Franklin Brittany Spann
Behavior Management Techniques for Learners with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Behaviorism Approach
Melissa Bittner
Gretchen Debner
Lenice Franklin
Brittany Spann

2. Learner Attributes for Individuals with ADHD
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V (2013)
Individuals with ADHD:
Inattention
Hyperactivity and Impulsivity
Prevalence worldwide of 5.3%
Preschool children (2-6%)
Adolescents (6-13%)
More common in boys (7.8%) than girls (1.8%)

3. Behavior Management Techniques: Behaviorism Approach
The Effects of Added Physical Activity on Performance during a Listening Comprehension Task for Students with and without Attention Problems
Participants:
Two boys and two girls 10 to 12 years of age
Method: Single Case Research Alternating Treatment Design
Baseline:
Took a test from audio recording
Dependent Variables:
(1) Percentage of questions answered correctly
(2) Time taken to complete test
Intervention:
A) Sit in chair while doodling on paper
B) sitting on exercise ball
Return to Baseline (Reversal) – same test as baseline

4. Behavior Management Techniques: Behaviorism Approach
The Effects of Added Physical Activity on Performance during a Listening Comprehension Task for Students with and without Attention Problems
Results

5. Behavior Management Techniques: Behaviorism Approach
Exercise Reduces the Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Improves Social Behavior, Motor Skills, Strength and Neuropsychological Parameters
Systematic Review: sums up best available research on a certain research question by using defined procedures to evaluate results of relevant research .
Methods:
Literature from PubMed, MEDLINE, and SportDiscus
Search terms: ‘ADHD’, ‘attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder’, ‘exercise’
Key words: ‘physical activity’, ‘training’, ‘movement’, ‘child’, ‘youth’, ‘adolescent’ and ‘boy’.

6. Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria
Exercise Reduces the Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Improves Social Behavior, Motor Skills, Strength and Neuropsychological Parameters
Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
Peer Reviewed
Participants < 14 yo
Diagnosed with ADHD, boys & girls
Involved physical activity/exercise
with children with ADHD
Minimum of 2 training sessions/week,
5 sessions total, minimum duration of 5 days
Written in English or English abstract
Assessment of affects of physical activity
on symptoms of ADHD
All types of trials and interventions
Not older than 10 years
Unpublished data
Animal studies
Studies focused on comorbidities
Retrospective interviews, case scenarios, reports, letters of opinions, reviews
ADHD as subgroup of children with mental problems
Intervention not related to endurance exercise

7. Behavior Management Techniques: Behaviorism Approach
Exercise Reduces the Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Improves Social Behavior, Motor Skills, Strength and Neuropsychological Parameters Systematic Review
Reference
Number of Participants
Type of Exercise
Type of Design Used
Haffner, (2006) 11
Yoga
Cross-over
Taylor & Kuo, (2009) 15
Walking
Single blind control trial
Gapin & Etnier, (2010) 13
Experimental
Kang et. al, (2011) 19
Aerobic Training
Verret et. al, (2012) 18

8. Behavior Management Techniques: Behaviorism Approach
Exercise Reduces the Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Improves Social Behavior, Motor Skills, Strength and Neuropsychological Parameters
Conclusion
Exercise (i.e., yoga, walking, aerobic activity)
Reduces symptoms of ADHD
Improves social behavior, motor skills, strength and neuropsychological parameters without undesirable side-effects

9. Conclusion
To release restless energy, children with ADHD need to get plenty of exercise.
Health experts recommend that children get at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity everyday (CDC, 2008)
Being active helps with issues such as: lack of control, impulsivity, and poor social skills in children with ADHD.

10. References
Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder. (2013). Retrieved October 5, Retrieved from Exercise for Children with ADHD. (2014, July 11.) Retrieved from md.com%2Faddadhd%2Fchildhoodadhd%2Fexercisefor- childrenwithadhd_&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNE1_xX31eZ96dS-I-FqERH2N003Q Friederike-Kamp, C., Holmberg, H., & Sperlich, B. (2014). Exercise reduces the symptoms of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder and improves social behaviour, motor skills, strength and nuero- psychological parameters. ACTA Paediatrica, 103(7), doi: /apa Gapin, J., & Etnier, J. L. (2010). The relationship between physical activity and executive function performance in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sport Exercise Psychology, 32, 753–63. Haffner, J., Roos, J., Goldstein, N., Parzer, P., & Resch, F. (2006). The effectiveness of body-oriented methods of therapy in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Results of a controlled pilot study. Z Kinder JugendpsychiatrPsychother, 34, 37–47. Kang, K. D., Choi, J. W., Kang, S. G., & Han, D. H. (2011). Sports therapy for attention, cognitions and sociality. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32, 953–959. Kercood, S., & Banda, D. R. (2012). The Effects of Added Physical Activity on Performance during a Listening Comprehension Task for Students with and without Attention Problems. International Journal Of Applied Educational Studies, 13(1), Taylor, A. F., & Kuo, F. E., (2009). Children with attention deficits concentrate better after walk in the park. Journal of Attention Disorder, 12, 402–409. Verret, C., Guay, M. C., Berthiaume. C., Gardiner. P., & Beliveau, L. A. (2012). Physical activity program improves behavior and cognitive functions in children with ADHD: an exploratory study. Journal of Attention Disorder ,16, 71–80. “Youth Physical Activity Guidelines Toolkit”. Centers for Diseasee Control and Prevention. (2008). Retrieved October 5, Retrieved from