1. Muscles of the Lower Limb

2. Movement at the Hip Joint
Gluteus Maximus
Superficial muscle of hip that forms flesh of buttock
Most important for extending hip when power is needed
Sacrum + iliac bones  gluteal tuberosity of femur + iliotibial tract

4. Movement at the Hip Joint
Gluteus Medius
Ilium  Femur
Hip abductor, steadies the pelvis for walking
Site for intramuscular injections
Maximus overlies the sciatic nerve

7. Movement at the Hip Joint
Iliopsoas
Iliacus and psoas major
Iliac bone lesser trochanter of femur
Prime mover of hip flexion
Keeps upper body from falling backwards while standing

9. Movement at the Hip Joint
Adductor Muscles
Form medial side of each thigh
Press the thighs together
Gravity does most of their work
Pelvis  femur (proximally)

11. Movement at the Knee Joint
Hamstrings
Posterior thigh
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendonosus
Ischial Tuberosity  Proximal Tibia
Prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion
Butchers use tendons to hang hams for smoking

13. Movement at the Knee Joint
Sartorius
Most superficial thigh muscle, thin, and strap-like
Anterior iliac crest  Medial side of Tibia
Weak thigh flexor
“Tailor’s muscle”*

14. Movement at the Knee Joint
Quadriceps
1 rectus femoris & 3 vastus muscles form anterior thigh
Femur Pelvis  Tibial Tuberosity by patellar ligament
Extend the knee powerfully
Rectus femoris helps flex hip
RF + Vastus lateralis  intramuscular injections sites mostly for infants

15. Sartorius

16. Movement at the Foot & Ankle
Tibialis Anterior
Superior muscle on anterior leg
Upper tibia  tarsal bones
Acts to dorsiflex and invert foot

18. Movement at the Foot & Ankle
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Lateral tibial condyle + proximal radius  Phalanges 2-5 of foot
Prime mover of toe flexion*
Dorsiflexor of foot

19. Movement at the Foot & Ankle
Fibularis
Longus, brevis, tertius in lateral part of leg
Fibula  Metatarsals
Plantar flex and evert foot

21. Movement at the Foot & Ankle
Gastrocnemius
Two-bellied muscle forms cruved calf of posterior leg
Two heads on each side of distal femur  through Calcaneal/Achilles tendon  heel
If tendon breaks walking is impaired, heel cannot be lifted*
Prime mover for plantar flexion
“Toe dancer’s muscle”

23. Movement at the Foot & Ankle
Soleus
Fleshy muscle, strong plantar flexor
Tibia and fibula  through Calcaneal/Achilles tendon  heel

25. Lower Limb Muscles
Anterior View

26. Lower Limb Muscles
Posterior View

27. Questions Which is the “tailor’s muscle”? A. Ipsoas C. Sartorius
B. Gastrocnemius D. Rectus Femoris
The prime mover of toe flexion is?
A. Extensor Digitorum Longus C. Ipsoas
B. Tibialis Anterior D. Fibularis
A patient’s calcaneus/achilles tendon is cut during surgery, what will happen to him and why?

28. Sources Essentials of Human Anatomy, Ninth Edition Textbook
/ebook/htm/0ehap9.htm
University of Michigan Medical School
natomy2010/html/anatomytables/muscles_lowerlim b.html
Radiopaedia
the-lower-limb