1. Europe Faces Revolution
Nationalism Challenges Conservative Power

2. Greece 1st European country to win self-rule
Former part of Ottoman Empire (which was crumbling at this time, but not fully until 1922)
Cause of Greek independence was popular throughout Europe
Major powers such as Britain/Russia/France recognize an independent Greece in 1830.

3. 1848 Revolutions Congress of Vienna? There were uprisings in: Why?
France, Prussia (Germany, Austria),Italy,Greece, Poland, & Hungary
Why?
Nationalism
The people wanted more democracy!
Revolutionaries failed to unite the nations, so they actually took a step backwards.

4. France 1830- King wants absolute power Revolt of people
Louis-Philippe (more Liberal)
king replaces old one ( )
A Paris mob overthrows gov’t
replaces it with a representative government- it falls apart
Call for a president
Louis-Napoleon III elected
president- Nephew of Napoleon
Bonaparte.
Four years later- becomes emperor
Good leader
June Rebellion 1832

5. Russia 1800’s still under feudalism
Russia still had not experienced a(n)… WRITE DOWN THE ANSWER!!!
Due to old ways, Russia was falling behind other European countries
Alexander II- freed serfs, 1861
Nationalism encouraged
industrialism, and also ethnic
groups wanting their own nations.

6. Weakness leads to desperate measures.
Old Empires Fall
Weakness leads to desperate measures.
Russia- Russification- forced culture on all ethnic groups
Ottoman- Turks felt superior to other ethnic
groups; genocide against Armenians ; 1915
Strength or Weakness?

7. Italy Camillo Cavour – Prime minister of Sardinia
Allied with Napoleon III, brought revolution and unity in N. Italy
Giuseppe Garibaldi – unified S. Italy
Cavour invaded Papal states, so S. voted to unite w/Cavour and N. Italy
National unification of Italy,
but still culturally, economically
divided
Capital = Rome
Pope’s Power?

8. Destiny of the weak is to be devoured by the strong.
Germany
Destiny of the weak is to be devoured by the strong.
German Confederation – loose union of German states; Prussia – largest; Austria – head of confederation
Otto von Bismarck- Prussia’s
Prime Minister
Realpolitik – seek advantage for
nation-state by any means,
including war and breaking
treaties
Wanted to go to war to unify
Germany under Prussian rule

9. Wars of Unification
7 Weeks War – Bismarck & Prussia against Austria. (Here they go again!)
Treaty ending the war set up a (mostly) united Germany under Prussian control

10. Wars of Unification (cont.)
Franco-Prussian War – Napoleon III declared war on Prussia.
Southern German states (not yet united w/the rest of Germany). They sided w/Prussia because disliked France. Defeated France and all German states now unified
Following Franco-Prussian War all German States unified.
Germany now an Empire w/Kaiser Wilhelm I as emperor

11. Bismarck Strengthened Industry Tried to crush opposition parties
Bismarck’s policies left Germany strong, but w/o parliamentary democracy. When Wilhelm I died, his son succeeded him (Wilhelm II) and dismissed Bismarck (1890)

12. Results Balance of Power- Undone GOODBYE CONGRESS OF VIENNA
Britain, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia no longer equal
Britain and Germany = strongest
France = middle
Austria and Russia = weak

13. Exit Slip
1. Which aging empires suffered from the forces of nationalism?
2. What advantages did Prussia have in leading the German states to unity?
3. How can nationalism be both a unifying and a disunifying force?

15. Europe Faces Revolution
Nationalism Challenges Conservative Power
I can compare/contrast the rise of nationalism in German & Italian states.
I can define the characteristics of nationalism.