1. TEK 8.10 Earth and Space
The student knows that climatic interactions exist among Earth, ocean, and weather systems.

2. Vocabulary Gulf Stream Front Convection current Weather Climate
Land breeze
Sea breeze
El Nino
High pressure system
Low pressure system
Air mass
Density

3. 8.10 Student Expectations
A) Recognize that the Sun provides the energy that drives convection within the atmosphere and oceans, producing winds and ocean currents. B) Identify how global patterns of atmospheric movement influence local weather using weather maps that show high and low pressures and fronts. C) Identify the role of the oceans in the formation of weather systems such as hurricanes.

4. Air Masses

5. Weather
It describes the condition of the air at a particular time and place. Weather also tells how the air moves (wind) and describes anything it might be carrying such as rain, snow or clouds. Thunder, lightning, rainbows, haze and other special events are all part of weather.

6. Climate
It describes the average weather conditions in a certain place or during a certain season. Weather may change from day to day, but climate changes only over hundreds or thousands of years.

7. Air Masses
-a large body of air that has a certain temperature and amount of moisture. -2 main types of air masses 1. Maritime 2. Continental

8. Maritime Air Mass -air mass formed over an ocean
Maritime Tropical
Maritime Polar
Forms over the ocean near the equator
Made of warm, moist air.
Forms over the ocean north of the U.S.
Made of cool, moist air

10. Continental Air Mass -air masses formed over land
Continental Tropical
Continental Polar aka Continetal Artic
made of hot dry air
forms over Mexico
moves north in the summer
made of cold, dry air
Forms in Canada
Moves south into the United States in the winter

12. Maritime Polar Air Mass
Maritime Tropical Air Mass
Continental Polar Air Mass
Continental Tropical Air Mass
12-100
11-92
10-83
9-75
8-67
7-58
6-50
5-42
4-33
3-25
2-17
1-8
-20 for no color
description
Air Masses

14. Weather Fronts
-an area where two masses with different temperatures and different densities collide, but do not mix. types of fronts 1. Cold Front 2. Warm Front 3.Stationary Front

15. Cold Front
-the leading edge of a cooler mass of air, replacing (at ground level) a warmer mass of air. -Cool air mass is more dense (more mass in given space) -moves under warm, less dense, air (less dense) as it rises and creates heavy clouds -bring violent storms that last a short period of time.

16. Cold Front

17. Warm Front
-leading edge of a warm air mass moving in to replace a cold air mass. -Warm air pushes cold air and gradually rises over cold air mass creating small clouds. -bring light/mellow rain and showers that can last for several days.

18. Warm Front

19. Stationary Front
-A stationary front forms when a cold front or warm front stops moving. -This happens when two masses of air are pushing against each other but neither is powerful enough to move the other. --brings many days of continuous precipitation

20. Stationary Front

21. Watch This!!
Weather Fronts and Air Masses Study Jamz

22. Fronts Foldable Fold paper in half 2 Drawings (1 pt. each)
2 labels of Fronts (1 pt. each)
2 definitions (1 pt. each)
2 explanations of the weather that results from each front
2 explanations about why cold air replaces and lifts warm air, and why warm air pushes and covers cold air but does not lift cold air(1 pt. each)
2 symbols (1 pt. each)
-20 for no color

23. Cold Front (1pt)
-the leading edge of a cooler mass of air, replacing (at ground level) a warmer mass of air. (1 pt)
Weather-bring violent storms that are followed by fair, cooler weather (1pt)
Warm Front
-leading edge of a warm air mass moving in to replace a cold air mass.
-bring rain and showers followed by warmer, more humid weather.
(1pt)
(1pt)

24. Cold Front
-the leading edge of a cooler mass of air, replacing (at ground level) a warmer mass of air.
Weather-bring violent storms that are followed by fair, cooler weather
Warm Front
-leading edge of a warm air mass moving in to replace a cold air mass.
-bring rain and showers followed by warmer, more humid weather.

25. Pressure Systems

26. Air Pressure
-the weight of the air pressing down on the Earth, the ocean and on the air below

27. High Pressure Weather System
-A high pressure system is a whirling mass of cool, dry air that generally brings fair weather and light winds. -winds spiral out of a high-pressure center in a clockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere. These bring sunny skies. A high pressure system is represented as a big, blue H. - > High H for Happy -winds move clockwise

28. High Pressure Weather System

29. Low Pressure System
A low pressure system is a whirling mass of warm, moist air that generally brings stormy weather with strong winds. -winds spiral into a low-pressure center in a counterclockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere. A low pressure system is represented as a big, red L. - Low -Lousy Weather -Counter clock is bad

30. Low Pressure Weather System

31. Weather Map Symbols
-symbols used to represent air pressure

32. Watch This
Air Pressure Systems

33. Watch this
Pressure Systems

34. Lets put it all together

35. Pre-AP Weather Report Project
You will research the different weather symbols found on a weather map and create a script identifying all weather symbols, location, and the type of weather that should be expected. This should be written in a scripted format as if you were the weather reporter on live tv. You will turn in 2 papers -Organized Research of weather symbols Must include following: -Describe/Explain following symbols: Cold Fronts, Warm Fronts, Stationary Fronts, High Pressure Systems, Low Pressure Systems -25 points -Draw the Symbol and a diagram for each showing the movement of the air masses at the specific fronts and the movement of air at each pressure system (color coding in red and blue are very important here)- 25 points -Explain the type of weather associated with each one of the weather symbols being researched. (sunny, thunderstorms, rainy/light showers, etc.) -25 points -Weather Report Script- identify all weather symbols, locations, and the type of weather that should be expected. -25 points

37. Convection Current
-the transfer of heat in a gas or fluid through currents
-created by warm less dense water/air rising and cold more dense water/air dropping.
The Sun drives all weather activity and currents because of its uneven heating of the Earth!!!

38. Ocean Currents
Warm water near equator rises towards the poles, and water near poles travels towards equator.

39. Ocean Currents

40. Watch this
Ocean Currents and Convections Current

41. Winds and the Coriolis Effect
A natural Phenomena that appears to deflect items, such as wind, moving on or above the earth's surface based on the rotation of the earth.

43. Trade Winds
encounters the coriolis effect caused by the rotation of the Earth. This force causes the winds in the Northern Hemisphere to move from the east towards the west below the subtropical high, and from the west towards the east above the subtropical high.

44. Westerlies
Above the subtropical highs in the Northern Hemisphere, and below the subtropical highs in the Southern Hemisphere, winds blow from the west towards the east. These winds are thus called westerly winds, after the direction from where the winds come.

45. Polar Easterlies
The subpolar lows generally cause the winds above 60 ° latitude to move from the east towards the west. We call these winds the polar easterlies.

47. Factors Affecting Climate
Latitude – is the distance of a place north or south of the equator.
Temperature and amount of precipitation affected by latitude.
Latitude increase is equal to temperature decrease.
As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases

48. Factors Affecting Climate
Elevation - the distance a place is above sea level.
The higher the elevation is , the colder the climate.

49. Factors Affecting Climate
Topography -the shape of the land which can affect how much precipitation falls.
Topographic features such as mountains play an important role in the amount of precipitation that falls over an area

50. Factors Affecting Climate
Distance from water- involves water ways with different temperatures that help maintain land temperatures around them.
Large bodies of water such as lakes and oceans have an important effect on the temperature of an area because the temperature of the water body influences the temperature of the air above it

51. Factors Affecting Climate
Global Winds: involves the winds and the direction they blow.
influences climate because they distribute heat and moisture around Earth

52. 5 Steps to Make a Hurricane

53. El Nino

54. El Nino
El Nino: water in the Pacific Ocean near the equator gets hotter than usual and affects the atmosphere and weather around the world. Occurs every 3-8 years Cause of El Nino is unknown

55. Effects of El Nino
El Nino can cause catastrophic events in places not common to experience them. Ex: Where one place has excessive rain, hurricanes, somewhere on opposite side of globe is experiencing a drought/dry weather. Usually, El Niño brings more rain and higher temperatures in U.S. El Niño may also bring warmer than normal winter temperatures to the eastern part of the United States. Drought in Indonesia and Australia. El Nino causes nutrient rich cold water to stay further below surface causing fish to travel further, causing a shortage of fishing.

56. La Nina
La Nina: water in the Pacific Ocean near the equator gets colder than usual and affects the atmosphere and weather around the world.
Sometimes follows El Nino

57. National Geographic El Nino
El Nino and La Nina
National Geographic El Nino

58. Western Europe

59. Gulf Stream Western Europe

60. Gulf Stream