1. Transport Sector in India: An Overview
Transport Sector in India: An Overview
Council on Energy, Environment and Water
Sustainable Lifestyle = Positive Climate Action

2. Emissions Scenario in India
Emissions Scenario in India
Emissions profile with sectoral split based on data
Bulk of the emissions from Power sector (~54%), followed by Industry (~27%) and Transport (12%). Emissions intensities need to be reduced (technology changes, efficiency improvements and improved fuel quality)

3. Growing need for mobility
Growing need for mobility
Mobility will be the next big bang for India
1.26 billion population
Growing cities: 63 million-plus cities in 2015
Growing incomes – Increasing aspirations
Urban mobility is critical
NUTP and NTPC + Urban Renewal Missions
Stringent Fuel Economy Standards
Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning
Sustainable Freight Transport

4.
Road Transport
7 states Contribute to 67% of the road transport emissions in India
Implementing authorities – States
Delhi, Odisha, Haryana, Kerala Gujarat, MP have formulated own state Transport policies

5. Road Transport INDIA@COP22 Delhi Tamil Nadu Per capita emissions
Mahrashtra
Andhra Pradesh
- CNG
- Metro
- NMT
- Modal split
- Stringent emission norms
- Car fuel efficiency
- MRV
- Reduce private cars
Gujarat
- 2-wheeler petrol
- Fuel efficiency
- 3-wheeler to LPG
- NMT
- Tier II & III level data
- Fuel efficiency
- Petrol
- Stringent emissions norms
- Tier II & III level data
- MRV
- CNG
- Bus transport
- NMT
- Strong MRV
- Tier II & III level data
Uttar Pradesh
- BRTS
- Fuel efficiency
- Strong MRV
- Tier II & III level data
- Road congestion
- Emission norms
States
Explain this in the notes for me please.
Size of the bubble represents the share of these states in the total road transport sector emissions, and distance from the x-axis shows the magnitude of per capita emissions
Since transport is more under States’ jurisdiction and defined by state profiles, comparing one with the other helps identify the problem better, and thus find solutions
Some of these are policies currently being implemented – like, Delhi has passed a regulation to convert all public transport to CNG, Stringent fuel efficiency norms are applicable nationally with the Auto Fuel Policy. Also, very recent draft notification of BS IV motor vehicle norms (with effect from 2020), India has leapfrogged from Euro IV equivalent norms to Euro VI equivalent norms; MoPNG has also issued notification to supply fuels that adhere to BS IV emissions norms
Some policies that focus on increasing modal share of Non-Motorised Transport could be the way forward, especially in metro cities
Also, regulation of emissions norms, collection of tier II level data at local or regional level to monitor fuel efficiency, would help inform state policies about their focus areas (?? Don’t know if you want to touch upon this, maybe a brief mention)

6. Decarbonisation of the Indian Railways
Decarbonisation of the Indian Railways

7. Navigation and waterways
Navigation and waterways
India’s GHG emissions from Navigation are small: 2 MtCO2eq in
Declined from 4 MT CO2eq in 2010
Major fuels consumed by the shipping sector : HSDO and Furnace Oil
Jal Marg Vikas Project has been an initiative of GOI; to provide environment friendly, fuel efficient and cost effective alternative transport for hazardous goods & bulk goods.
Harnessing coastal routes for connectivity across towns/cities

8. Aviation INDIA@COP22 Deal will be implemented in 2 phases –
First phase (2020 to 2026) is voluntary
Second phase (2027 to 2035) is mandatory
Huge tourism potential
Indian share is only 0.6% of global tourist arrivals
Developmental concerns
Need to cater to 300 million middle-class base if not the entire 1.3 billion citizens
Need to offset emissions commensurate with at least 10 billion RTKs annually by 2030
Present emissions commensurate with 6.5 billion RTKs
This burden will further increase due to the individual offsetting
Historical burden completely absolved due to the individual offsetting clause
Need more non-market based measures to stay within 2 degree limit
Stringent standards
More investments in developing bio fuels

9. Going forward: Challenges for transport sector
Balance – affordability + sustainable transport solutions
Differential population; income inequality and poverty
Infrastructure in transport - land acquisition
Decarbonising railways has challenges
Rural connectivity and mobility of passengers and freight crucial as part of development plan
Least carbon intensive transport methods have become the least preferred
Integrated urban planning and development
Finance and Technology – Developed Countries Commitment
Commitment of Developed countries is key
All discussions and frameworks need to be within the convention (UNFCCC)
Balance – affordability + sustainable transport solutions
Differential population; income inequality and poverty
(unviable public transport- those who can afford to pay true cost of public transport prefer private transport)
Infrastructure in transport - land acquisition (fragmented land, multiple stakeholders)
Least carbon intensive transport methods have become the least preferred – if there were to be a reversal economic inertia from industries and private players since investments have already been made
Decarbonising railways has challenges – large chunk of revenues come from hauling coal freight, how can that be replaced with other goods to generate revenues and sustain railway operations?
1.3 billion people spread across 3.3 million square kms, rural connectivity and mobility of passengers and freight crucial as part of development plan; like most developing countries. This needs to be accounted for as part of urban planning and development