1. Science Skills
Chapter 1

2. Objectives Explain how science and technology are related.
List the major branches of natural science and describe how they overlap.
Describe the main ideas of physical science.
Describe the steps in a scientific method.

3. Science
System of knowledge about the natural world and the methods used to find that knowledge

4. Technology
The use of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems

5. Physical Science
Chemistry
Physics

6. Chemistry
The study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter

7. Physics
The study of matter and energy and the interactions between the two through forces and motion

8. Earth and Space Science
Geology
The study of the origin, history, and structure of Earth.
Astronomy
The study of the universe beyond Earth

9. Biology (Life Science)
The study of life and life processes

10. Scientific method
An organized plan used for gathering, organizing, and communicating information.

11. Analyze data & draw conclusions
Scientific method
Making observations
Forming a hypothesis
Testing a hypothesis
Analyze data & draw conclusions
Developing a theory

12. Do Now!!! What are the branches of natural science?
How does the scientific process start and end?
physical science, earth & space science, life science
starts with curiosity and ends with discovery

13. Objective:
Identify the metric and Si units used in science and convert between common metric prefixes.

15. Terms Length Mass Volume Density
The straight-line distance between two points
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
Volume
The amount of space taken up by an object
Density
The ratio of a material’s mass to its volume

17. Scientific Notation
A way of expressing a value as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10

18. Objective:
Perform calculations involving scientific notation and conversion factors.

19. Conversion factor
A ratio of equivalent measurements that is used to convert a quantity from one unit to another

20. Do Now!!! Why are scientific models useful?
Write the prefix for the following symbols:
G 
 
m 
Makes it easier to understand things that might be too difficult to observe directly.
giga-
micro-
milli-

21. Objective:
Identify the metric and Si units used in science and convert between common metric prefixes.

22. Significant Figures
All the digits in a measurement that are directly measured, plus the last digit, which is estimated

23. Uncertainty in Measurement
Accuracy
Nearness of a measurement to its accepted value
Precision
Agreement between the numerical values of a set of measurements that have been made in the same way

24. Poor accuracy
Good precision
Poor precision
Good accuracy

25. Celsius & Fahrenheit

26. An instrument that measures temperature
Thermometer
An instrument that measures temperature

27. Do Now!!! Convert the following measurements: 0.8935 kL  ________ mL
Gm  ________ km
3.94 kg  ________ g
297 s  ________ s
893500
12520
3940 2

28. Objective:
Relate the Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit temperature scales.

29. Converting Temperature
F  C
(TF – 32F)  5C
= TC
9F

30. Converting F  C
Step 1: Subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature.
Step 2: Multiply your answer from step 1 by 5.
Step 3: Divide your answer from step 2 by 9.
Step 4: Rewrite your answer from step 3 and make sure you have C after your answer.

31. Converting Temperature
C  F
TC  9C
+ 32 F = TF
5F

32. Converting C  F Step 1: Multiply the Celsius temperature by 9.
Step 2: Divide your answer from step 1 by 5.
Step 3: Add 32 to your answer from step 2.
Step 4: Rewrite your answer from step 3 and make sure you have F after your answer.

33. Converting Temperature
C  K
C = TK

34. Converting C  K
Step 1: Make sure that your temperature is in Celsius. If your temperature is in Fahrenheit, you must convert the temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius before you can continue.
Step 2: Add 273 to the Celsius temperature.
Step 3: Rewrite your answer from step 2 and make sure you have K after your answer.

35. Graphing Data
1. Identify the independent and dependent variables in your data.
2. Determine the range of the independent variable to be plotted.

36. Graphing Data
3. Decide whether the origin (0, 0) is a valid data point.
4. Spread the data out as much as possible.

37. Graphing Data 5. Number & label the horizontal axis.
6. Repeat steps 2-5 for the dependent variable.

38. Graphing Data 7. Plot the data points on the graph.
8. Draw “best fit” straight line or smooth curve through as many points as possible.
9. Give the graph a title that tells what the graph represents.

40. Slope
The steepness of a line, equal to the ratio of a vertical change to the corresponding horizontal change.

41. Direct Proportion
A relationship between two variables in which their ratio is constant

42. Inverse Proportion
A relationship in which the product of two variables is a constant when all other variables are held constant.

43. Do Now!!! Convert the following measurements: 0.34 Mg  ________ kg
83.9 m  ________ cm
43.2 s  ________ ns
3.94 mL  ________ L
340
43200 1

44. Do Now!!! Convert the following measurements: 0.023 kg  ________ cg
279.1 ns  ________ s
1.29 mL  ________ L
0.562 Gm  ________ km
2300
0.2791
562000 1

45. Do Now!!! Convert the following measurements: 12000 mm  ________ dm
km  ________ m
34.1 g  ________ dg
0.856 ns  ________ s
120
29.5
341 1

46. Objective:
Relate the Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit temperature scales.

47. Do Now!!! Convert the following measurements: 2468 g  ________ kg
cm  ________ m
29.0 F  ________ C
63.2 C  ________ F
2.468
63.7
-1.67
145.76 1

48. Do Now!!! Convert the following measurements: 22.48 Mg  ________ kg
dm  ________ mm
-15.2 F  ________ C
124 C  ________ F
22480
0.26
-26.22
255.2 1

49. Do Now!!!
In which step of the scientific method is information obtained through the senses?
A. Drawing conclusions
B. Making observations
C. Analyzing data
D. Revising a hypothesis 1

50. Do Now!!!
In which step of the scientific method is information obtained through the senses?
A. Drawing conclusions
B. Making observations
C. Analyzing data
D. Revising a hypothesis 1

51. Objectives
Graph the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Recognize direct and inverse relationships and interpret the slope of the curve. 4

52. Objectives:
Perform calculations involving scientific notation and conversion factors.
Compare and contrast accuracy and precision.