1. Echinoderms
Kari Van Zuilen

2. Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata 5 Classes:
Asteroidea (Sea Stars)
Crinoidea (Sea Lilies and Feather Stars)
Ophueroidea (Brittle Stars)
Echinoidea (Sea Urchins)
Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)

3. Characteristics 6,000 species Radial Symmetry (Adults)
Bilateral symmetry (Larvae)
Spiny skinned (where its name comes from)
Tube feet
Controlled by water vascular system
Water-filled system of interconnected canals and tube feet (used to crawl along the sea floor, collect food, and respiration)
No heart, brain, or eyes
*radial symmetrical (arranged around the axis of the mouth in equal sectors)
*the larvae usually have bilateral symmetry—
*meaning of echinoderm: spiny skin
*echinoderm can extend and contract its tube feet for locomotion, food collection and respiration.

4. Where they are found Globally distributed in almost every ocean depth
Highest diversity in:
Reef environments
Shallow shores
Deep ocean
With the help of ocean currents larvae can swim great distances and this creates global distribution
*obviously we don’t live by the ocean so none are found around here

5. Reproduction
Asexual
Echinoderms can regenerate missing limbs, arms, spines and even intestines (sea cucumber)
Some brittle stars and sea stars can reproduce asexually by breaking a ray or arm, or by splitting the body in half (fission)
Each half then becomes a whole new animal
Asexual reproduction in echinoderms usually involves the division of the body into two or more parts (known as fission)

6. Reproduction Sexual Release sperm and eggs into the water
Most species produce pelagic (free floating) planktonic larvae
Larvae are bilaterally symmetrical, unlike their parents
When they settle to the bottom they change to the typical echinoderm features
*During the process of maturing, the echinoderm will change its body shape and settle down on the sea floor

7. Asteroidea
Sea Stars

8. Radial symmetry (5 arms or more) Skeleton: ossicles
1,600 species
Radial symmetry (5 arms or more)
Skeleton: ossicles
Small calcareous plates that move with one another forming flexible joints
Live on coral reefs, sand, and rocks
Most are carnivorous and scavengers
They eat clams, oysters, coral, fish, and other animals
Stomach extrudes over prey, digestive juices are secreted and the tissue of the prey is liquefied
Tube feet are important
Locomotion
Food collection
Respiration

9. *bottom side– mouth and ambulacral grooves with the tube feet
*top side– anus and madreporite (where the water enters in the water vascular system)
* How the water vascular system works--water goes in the madreporite and then goes into the ring canal then out to the radial canals then to the tube feet (important for moving around and holding on to their food)

10. Sea Lilies Feather Stars Crinoidea
*curl up during day light because they are nocturnal

11. Unique because of mouth/anus on upper surface
Sea lilies
80 living species
Sessile (attached to the ocean floor)
Feather Stars
520 living species
Not fully sessile
Can crawl along the surface and swim short distances
Unique because of mouth/anus on upper surface
Filter feeders (eat whatever they find floating by)
Feeding: pinnules wraps prey in mucous secretions, and ciliary tracts on the groove floor then transport it toward the mouth
Feed on plankton (that’s why they like habitats with strong currents)

12. Pinnules– grab food
Aboral cup– where the mouth is

13. Ophiuroidea
Brittle Stars

14. Most active and fastest moving
2,000 species
Most active and fastest moving
Long slender arms (similar in looks to sea star)
Used for locomotion (not dependant on tube feet)
Skeleton: ossicles
Scavengers and detritus feeders
Feed on small crustaceans, plankton or worms
No anus (just digestion)
they push out their stomachs to eat food like the sea star does

15. Diagram of what they look like---
Usually 5 skinny arms
Bottom side– has the mouth and teeth

16. Echinoidea
Sea Urchins

17. Spine covered (used for protection, and some are poisonous)
900 living species
Spine covered (used for protection, and some are poisonous)
lack distinct arms
Hard skeleton: ossicles are fused (known as “test”)
Eat using Aristotle’s Lantern (located in mouth on underside of their body, waste is sent out the anus at the top)
5 teeth
Used to pull and rip algae off rocks
Herbivores
Seaweed
Algae
Bits of plants and animals

18. Bottom side– shows their mouth and 5 teeth called aristotle’s lantern
Top side– anus
Spines and test (skeleton)

19. Holothuroidea
Sea Cucumbers

20. Soft bodies, tough and leathery skin
1,500 species
Soft bodies, tough and leathery skin
Skeleton: ossicles have degenerated and buried in fleshy body
Mouth is surrounded by several tube feet that have been modified into tentacles that capture small organisms they eat
When threatened they can throw up their insides and grow new ones back
Filter feeder
Feed on plankton

21. *They have rows of tube feet on their sides and on the bottom of their tentacles for getting around (water vascular system used in these also)
*mouth is surrounded by the tentacles
*anus is located at the other end

22. Sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoderm