1. 4G –IP BASED MOBILE COMMUNICATION
Srikanth
Vinay kumar

2. GSM
GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity.
GSM networks operate at various different radio frequencies.
Most GSM networks operate at 900 MHz or 1800 MHz.

4. CDMA
CDMA (code division multiple access) is a mobile digital radio technology that transmits streams of bits and whose channels are divided using codes (PN sequences)
CDMA permits many radios to share the same frequency channel. Unlike TDMA (time division multiple access), a competing system used in GSM , all radios can be active all the time, because network capacity does not directly limit the number of active radios.

5. Soft hand off

6. technology comparison
Theoretical
Practical
Min Carr
Modulation
Tech
Data Rates
Bandwidth
Technique
 GSM TECHNOLOGY
GSM
1 G
57.4kbps
38.4kbps
100khz
GMSK
GPRS 2G
60kbps
48Kbps
EGPRSEDGE
2.5G
236kbps
170kbps
8-PSK
WCDMA
3 G
2Mbps
5 MHz
HSDPA
3 G +
10 Mbps
4mbps
QPSK & 16 QAM
 CDMA TECHNOLOGY
IS-95
64 Kbps
1.25 Mhz
CDMA-2000
2.75 G
307.2 Kbps
EV-DO
2.4 Mbps
2.1Mbps
TDM WITH 8-PSK
EV-DV
3G +
3.09 Mbps
2.5Mbps
Continuous evolution – one-up competition !!

7. broadband Wireless Vision
Growing Proportion of
User Terminals
Future Telecom
Network
Mobile Comm
Devices
Broadband Wireless
Access Network
Mobile PDA/PIA
Semi-mobile
Laptop, etc.
Future
Internet
Fixed PC/WS
How broad is broadband?
only broadband is the future … 4G refers to transmission at 20 Mbps!!

8. How 4g works
In the 4G wireless networks, each node will be assigned a 4G-IP address (based on IPv6), which will be formed by a permanent “home” IP address and a dynamic “care-of” address that represents its actual location [1].
When a device (computer) in the Internet wants to communicate with another device (cell phone) in the wireless network, the computer will send a packet to the 4G-IP address of the cell phone targeting on its home address.

9. When a device (computer) in the Internet wants to communicate with another device (cell phone) in the wireless network, the computer will send a packet to the 4G-IP address of the cell phone targeting on its home address.
Then a directory server on the cell phone’s home network will forward this packet to the cell phone’s care-of address through a tunnel, mobile IP .
The directory server will also inform the computer that the cell phone’s care-of address (real location), so next packets can be sent to the cell phone directly.

10. What's New in 4G Entirely packet-switched networks.
All network elements are digital.
Higher bandwidths to provide multimedia services at lower cost (up to 100Mbps).
Tight network security.

11. Reasons to Have 4G
Support interactive multimedia services: teleconferencing, wireless Internet, etc.
Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates.
Global mobility and service portability
Low cost.
Scalability of mobile networks.

12. Comparison of 3G and 4G Extend 3G capacity by one order of magnitude.
Entirely packet switched networks.
All network elements are digital.
Higher bandwidth (up to 100Mbps).
Back compatible to 2G.
Circuit and packet switched networks.
Combination of existing & evolved equipment.
Data rate (up to 2Mbps).

13. 4G Core Network

14. How 4g achieves global mobility
Mobility usually involves mobile users roaming among different network segments.
Link-layer mobility support is usually restricted to homogeneous networks, while network-layer mobility support is provided for any kind of networks without regard to link-layer techniques employed.
Mobile IP represents a simple and scalable global mobility solution.

15. HSDPA
High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSDPA defines a new W-CDMA channel, the high-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) that operates in a different way from existing W-CDMA channels, but is only used for downlink communication to the mobile.
When a corrupted packet is received, the user device saves it, and combines it with subsequent retransmissions, to formulate an error-free packet as quickly and efficiently as possible

16. EV-DO
EVDO or Evolution Data Only,Evolution Data Optimized, is a fast wireless broadband access without needing a WiFi hotspot. You can have fast internet access, anywhere. No need to find a hotspot.
For example, get high speed internet access in a car, train, clients, anywhere you can open your laptop.
Currently, available is Verizon EVDO and Sprint EVDO
Relatively low cost with high capacity - allows rich web browsing and application usage

17. EV-DO Phones Some phones that are 1xEVDOenabled are:
Sony Ericsson W21S
LG VX-9800
LG VX-8000
LG VX-8100
UTStarcom XV6600
UTStarcom PPC6700/XV6700
UTStarcom CDM-8940
Samsung SCH-A890
Samsung SPH-A900
Motorola E815
Motorola RAZR V3c ([2])
i-mate PDA2k EV-DO
Sanyo MM-9000
Palm Treo 700w ([3])
Research In Motion BlackBerry 7130e

18. LIMITATIONS
Mobile IP lacks support for real-time location management and fast and seamless handoff mechanism.
A mobile node experiences data losses and delays during the handoff process .
Internet QoS provisioning techniques like IntServ/RSVP, DiffServ have been developed in the context of fixed networks. Unfortunately these approaches are not optimized for the mobile IP environment.

19. Proposed Solutions
An efficient network architecture and intelligent route optimization schemes which will be able to solve these problems.
New algorithms which integrate these QoS technologies in Mobile IP environment efficiently.