1. : reproductive shoot of sporophyte (2n)
Flowers
: reproductive shoot of sporophyte (2n)

2. I. What are flowers A. flowers are reproductive shoots
B. They are 2n (part of sporophyte)
C. They produce seeds and pollen
D. Some produce fruit

3. II. Flower Structure List
A. Calex = all sepals
B.Corolla = all petals
C. Stamen = male
D. Carpel = female

4. II. The Corolla A) Why make petals? only to attract pollinators
B) Why do flowers look so different?
1) different color, shape size, etc. attract different pollinators
2) Only attract specific pollinators you can be more sure your pollen gets to a member of your species and not to a different flower

5. b) U-V landing strips for bees c) white for nocturnal pollinators
C) ways to attract only the right pollinator
1) Visual cues :
a) different colors
b) U-V landing strips for bees
c) white for nocturnal pollinators
2) long nectar tubes
a) exclude some pollinators
3) olfactory cues
a) sweet smell/rotting smell
b) pheromones
4) shapes
a) orchids look like specific insects

7. Orchid flower adapations
EdofQ

8. III.Pollination A) Arrival of pollen on stigma
B) Pollen grain then germinates and grows into Pollen tube
C) sperm nuclei travel down tube
(generative nuclei)

10. The Ovule

11. IV. Double Fertilization
A) One sperm nucleus fertilizes egg -> zygote
B) The other joins w/ polar nuclei (n+n) to form the (3n) endosperm
C) Endosperm is the nutritive tissue that supports the zygote

12. V. Seed formation A. Integument becomes seed coat
B.Fertilized egg becomes embryo
C. Endosperm provides food for growing embryo

13. VI. Fruits A. Function = seed dispersal
B. Ovary wall grows into the fruit
C. May develop
1. wings
2. spines
3. fleshy tissue
4. flotation

14. D. Types of fruit

15. 1.Simple fruits a. fruit forms from one pistil
b. can be dry like a nut or peapod or a kernel of wheat
c. can be succulent (fleshy) like a cherry, apple
d. drupe = simple fruit with a pit

16. 2. Aggregate fruit a. fruit formed when many ovaries merge
b. result of complex flowers with many pistils
c. raspberries, strawberries

17. 3. Composite fruit a. also called multiple fruit
b. forms from multiple flowers each with 1 ovary
c. each ovary forms a fruit that all fuse into one large fruit FA

18. Types of Angiosperms Monocots – one cotyledon (seed leaf)
Dicots – two cotyledons

19. Eudicote
Dicots are paraphyletic so a few groups branched off before true dicots
Water lilies, magnolias

20. Alternative sex Parthenogenesis – reproduction from unfertilized egg
Tissue culture propagation
Vegetative growth – asexual reproduction