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Flowers Other facts… Original by Libby Astrachan
Modified by Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office- July 2004
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Blossoms in which all petals, sepals, and stamens are shaped alike
Regular Flowers Blossoms in which all petals, sepals, and stamens are shaped alike
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Irregular Flowers Blossoms in which at least 1 petal, sepal, or stamens is different from the others.
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Petals united at the bases, forming a funnel-shaped corolla
Interesting flowers Tomato: Petals united at the bases, forming a funnel-shaped corolla
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Interesting flowers Sweet pea: Each petal differently shaped
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Interesting flowers Mint: Each petal is united
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Stamens’ filaments “smushed” together, surrounding the style
Interesting flowers Hibiscus: Stamens’ filaments “smushed” together, surrounding the style
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Flowers that come in either a male or female form
Unisexual Flowers Flowers that come in either a male or female form
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Male flowers Just produce pollen
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Female flowers Possess only a pistil
*some female flowers DO have male stamens – but they are reduced in size and non-functional
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Location of the ovary: Superior
Ovary arising above the corolla
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Location of the ovary: Inferior
Ovary below the corolla
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Flowering strategies for unisexual flowers
Holly flowers – male flowers on the right, female on the left
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Monoecious both male and female flowers on the same plant
Squash plants produce separate male and female flowers. Male flowers outnumber female ones by about 3.5 to one to 10 to one. This helps ensure pollination of the female flowers which must be pollinated to set fruit. Bees are the most important pollinators, and seed number and fruit weight increase proportionally to the amount of pollen transferred to the stigma.
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Dioecious male and female flowers on different plants
Hollies are grown primarily for berries and since only the female produces berries, you would want to be certain you planted the female. However, there must be a male tree near the female or no fruit is produced. Generally, one male tree to ten females is adequate to insure pollination and good set of berries
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Inbreeder or Out-breeder?
Self-incompatible Self-compatible Many flowers Few flowers Large flowers Small flowers Bright colors Mono-colored Nectaries present Nectaries absent Scented flowers Unscented flowers Nectar guides present Nectar guides absent Anthers far from stigma Anthers near stigma Many pollen grains Few pollen grains Style exserted from flower Style included in flower Stigmatic area well-defined Stigmatic area poorly defined
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Plant Taxonomy Kingdom Plants Division Class Order Family
Similar floral structure Genus Species [Cultivar]
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Plants in the same family…
Have similar floral structures Clockwise, from rt: strawberry, pear, apple
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Rosaceae Rose family Clockwise, from rt: spiraea, quince, rose
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Compositae Aster family Clockwise, from rt:
echinops, liatris, echinacea, rudbeckia
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Liliaceae Lily family Clockwise, from rt: tulip, lily
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Iridaceae Iris family Clockwise, from rt:
iris, gladiolus, crocus, freesia
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