1. INDONESIA STRUCK BY MODERATE MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKE December 7, 2016
lecture by Walter Hays Uploading date: December 08, 2016
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Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

2. LOCATION
The M6.5 earthquake struck, which struck at 5:03 a.m. on Wednesday, was centered about 19 kilometers (12 miles) southeast of Sigli, a town near the northern tip of the Aceh Province at a depth of 17 kilometers (11 miles). Read more at:
Read more at:

3. LOCATION MAP

4. DOZENS OF COLLAPSED BUILDINGS WITH MANY POTENTIAL VICTIMS TRAPPED IN THE RUBBLE

5. NOTE: PHOTOS ARE USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY WITH NO FINANCIAL GAIN

6. COLLAPSED BUILDING (CREDIT: REUTERS)

7. HEAVY EQUIPMENT USED IN SEARCH AND RESCUE (REUTERS)

8. A RESCUE: LUENG PUTU, PIDIE JAYA (CREDIT: REUTERS)

9. Early Reports: The Damaging M6
Early Reports: The Damaging M6.5 Earthquake, a Grim Reminder of the December 26, 2004 M9.3 Earthquake-Tsunami, Killed at Least 100 and injured Many

10. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE INDONESIA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK
EARTHQUAKES
GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE
TSUNAMIS
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
CYCLONES
FLOODS
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

11. INDONESIA’S MOST NOTABLE RECENT EARTHQUAKES
DECEMBER 26, 2004 –- M9.3
SEPTEMBER 30, 2009 — M7.6 OCTOBER 1, 2009 — M6.6

12. LOCATION: 2004 QUAKE

13. THE EARTHQUAKE
The M9.3 earthquake was located 260 km (155 miles) from Banda Ache, SUMATRA

14. THE EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI DISASTER OF DECEMBER 26, 2004
A reverse fault ruptured the sea floor for more than 1,000 km, generating a M9.3 earthquake and a tsunami that traveled the Indian Ocean, devastating Indonesia and other rim countries, leaving over 220,000 dead.

15. THE TSUNAMI
A major tsunami that traveled the Indian Ocean was generated in the December 26, 2004 subduction-zone earthquake.

17. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDONESIA EARTHQUAKES

18. PLATE TECTONICS MAP

19. INDONESIA

20. REGIONAL TECTONICS
The Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates meet in Indonesia, creating a tectonic setting that generates earthquakes and volcanoes.

21. REGIONAL TECTONICS
The Indo-Australian plate is moving northward while being subducted under the Eurasian plate creating a zone marked by a submarine trench that can be traced from the northern tip of Sumatra to the Lesser Islands.

22. ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE ON EARTHQUAKES

23. EARTHQUAKES
AS PART OF THE PACIFIC “RING OF FIRE,” INDONESIA EXPERIENCES EARTHQUAKES AS A RESULT OF ONGOING SUBDUCTION OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIA AND EURASIA TECTONIC PLATES

24. SUBDUCTION ZONE

25. INDONESIA: SEISMICITY

26. GOAL: EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
QUAKE HAZARDS
BLDGS., LIFELINES
VULNERABILITY
LOCATION
EARTHQUAKE RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
GOAL: EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
INDONESIA’S
COMMUNITIES
DATA BASES AND INFORMATION
PREPAREDNESS
PROTECTION
EARLY WARNING
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

27. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
EARTHQUAKES
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES
LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

28. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
PREPAREDNESS MEANS THAT YOU UNDERSTAND THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH STRONG GROUND SHAKING AND PLAN IN ADVANCE.

29. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
PROTECTION OF PEOPLE, BUILDINGS AND INFRA-STRUCTURE WITH MODERN CODES AND STANDARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

30. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
PREPAREDNESS FOR MASSIVE GROUND FAILURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

31. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

32. SUDDEN CHANGE IN VOLCANIC ACTIVITY After the December 26, 2004 M9
SUDDEN CHANGE IN VOLCANIC ACTIVITY After the December 26, 2004 M9.3 Banda Ache earthquake and tsunami occurred, volcanic activity increased with some of Indonesia’s dormant volcanoes becoming active again.

33. LOCATION

34. THE WEST SUMATRA EARTHQUAKE: SEPTEMBER 30, 2009
A devastating M7.6 earthquake occurred on Wednesday night, September 30, 2009.
It occurred on the same fault system that broke on December 26, 2004, generating the M9.3 earthquake and the devastating Indian Ocean tsunami.

35. THE JAMBI EARTHQUAKE OF OCTOBER 1, 2009
A M6.6 earthquake occurred on Thursday morning, October 1, just as the airport was reopening and rescue teams were beginning their work.
Fortunately, the epicenter was 230 km (140 miles) southeast of the M7.6 quake.

36. PADANG PARIAMAN: OCTOBER 1, 2009
Before the earthquake, Padang Pariaman, closest to the quake’s epicenter in the Indian Ocean, was a cluster of villages built on the flanks of surrounding mountains, overlooking rice paddies and a river.
A landslide triggered by the quake destroyed the villages and the road that connected them.

37. LANDSLIDE: PADANG PARIAMAN

38. SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES
LANDSLIDES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS
SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS
CASE HISTORIES
PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING
GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE

39. PADANG: OCTOBER 1, 2009
The port city of Padang (population of 900,000) was in chaos on Thursday, October 1, after a powerful M7.6 earthquake struck the island of Sumatra on Wednesday.
Fires were burning, sirens blaring, dazed residents wandering in streets covered with rubble, and hundreds trapped beneath collapsed buildings.

40. PADANG: OCTOBER 1, 2009
Nearly every building over three stories in Padang suffered damage from the first quake, which was just 50 km (30 miles) away.
Padang’s three main hospitals collapsed.

41. PADANG

42. PADANG: COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS

43. PADANG: FIRE

44. PADANG: DAMAGE

45. PADANG: COLLAPSED BUILDING

46. PADANG: OCTOBER 1, 2009 At least 1,300 people were dead, but ...
The death toll was expected to rise as search and rescue workers dug into collapsed hospitals, offices, hotels, homes, buried villages, and a school, where an estimated 3,000 people were trapped under the rubble.

47. PADANG: DAMAGED AND COLLAPSED BUILDINGS

48. PADANG: RUBBLE FROM COLLAPSED BUILDINGS

49. PADANG: SEARCH AND RESCUE

50. PADANG: SEARCH AND RESCUE

51. PADANG: SEARCH AND RESCUE

52. LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

53. PRELIMINARY IMPACTS
The powerful earthquakes devastated 10,581 houses, 88 public facilities, 77 places of worship, 76 school buildings, and 68 government offices in Pariaman alone.

54. NOTE: Indonesia’s long, slow recovery process from the December 26, 2004 earthquake/tsunami disaster was hindered by these quakes.

55. MANY HELPING HANDS FROM ABROAD, AS IN 2004
Helping hands were extended immediately by a number of countries: Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, Saudi Arabia, the UK, the USA, Germany, South Korea, China, Japan, Russia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Denmark, Switzerland, Thailand, Taiwan and Norway.

56. TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR EARTHQUAKES
RISK ASSESSMENT
VULNERABILITY
EXPOSURE
EVENT
POLICY ASSESSMENT
COST
BENEFIT
CONSEQUENCES
EARTH-QUAKES
EXPECTED LOSS
POLICY ADOPTION