1. and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s
Rise of New Leaders
and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

2. Contestant #2 I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude
Who Would You Vote For?
Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies and unfortunately suffer from ailing health.
Contestant #2 I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude
Contestant #3 I am a decorated war hero, do not drink and want to create a stable economy

3. Who Did You Vote For?
Contestant #3
Contestant #2
Contestant #1

4. Great Depression during 1930s Total Control of State by a Dictator
Black Tuesday stock market crashes
Treaty of Versailles
Great Depression during 1930s
Totalitarianism
New political parties -For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism
Total Control of State by a Dictator

5. Describe its characteristics…
Totalitarianism
What is it?
Describe its characteristics…

6. Totalitarianism
Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural)
One leader (dictator); charismatic
Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)
Strict controls and laws
Military state (secret police, army, military)
Censorship over: opposing literature, ideas, media (radio, newspapers, posters)
Total conformity of people to ideas and leader (Fear & Terror)

7. Totalitarianism
*These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour

9. Communism
I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from
What is Communism?
LEFT WING
based on theory by Karl Marx
revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society”
state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership)
Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

10. Fascism
I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943.
What is Fascism?
RIGHT WING
intense nationalism and elitism
totalitarian control
interests of the state more important than individual rights
maintain class system and private ownership
Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

11. Nazism
I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945.
What is Nazism?
extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian
based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party
belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race”
belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe
Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

12. Nazi Controls

17. What were the
primary causes
of World War II?

18. War In Europe Mussolini & Hitler June 18,1940 Munich, Germany
German expansion
Hitler occupied the Rhine Land
Hitler annexed Austria
Claimed the Sudetenland
Part of Czechoslovakia
Hitler planned to unite all German speaking people
Mussolini & Hitler
June 18,1940
Munich, Germany

19. British Prime Minister
Munich Conference
Leaders of Britain, France, Italy, and Germany met in Munich in 1938
Britain and France agreed to give Hitler the Sudetenland and Hitler promised he would seek no further territory
The practice of giving into aggression to avoid war is known as appeasement
Appeasement failed when Germany took the rest of Czechoslovakia
British Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain

20. Policy of Appeasement Appeasement
willingness to surrender to an aggressors’ demands to avoid war
How was it used prior to World War II?
Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and needed to be negotiated with (even at the expense of the smaller independent countries)
Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by Britain and USA of unjust Treaty of Versailles
Reality
Blindness to true nature of Hitler’s agenda program for Eastern Europe
Irony= policy used to avoid war but empowered Hitler to continue his aggressive campaign . The only way to stop Hitler was to declare war.

21. Munich Conference
Appeasement Fails!

22. Hitler invades Poland Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact
Promised not to attack each other
Hitler launches the blitzkrieg (Lightning war) against Poland
Poland quickly falls to Hitler

23. A Global Conflict After the invasion of Poland:
Britain and France declare war on Germany
Later, the Allied powers would include: Britain, France, Soviet Union, United States, and China
The Soviet Union joined the allies in 1941 after Hitler broke the Non-Aggression pact
Italy and Japan join Germany to form the Axis powers

24. STEPS TO WAR How did World War II begin?
How did appeasement contribute to World War II?

25. Conclusion: What were the primary causes of WWII?
Anger over Treaty of Versailles (Italy & Germany)
Aggression by Germany, Italy, and Japan
Failure of world powers US, BR, FR, League of Nations to stand up to aggression
The failure of the policy of appeasement

26. Reflect
Was the Treaty of Versailles truly the cause of World War II? Or appeasement?
What do we have to remember about hindsight when examining history?
Could Hitler have been ‘stopped’ at any time prior to 1939?
What was Canada’s view of appeasement and another potential war? What was “isolationism” ?