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Punctuating Quotations
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What is a direct quotation?
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A speaker’s exact words (also called dialogue).
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That’s when Jane said, “You must have a tea party!”
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What is an indirect quotation?
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A restatement of what someone said, often introduced by the word that.
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Jane said she thought Carla should have a tea party.
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A direct quotation is a report of a speaker’s exact words
Rule #1 Use quotation marks at the beginning and end of a direct quotation. “I would love to come to tea,” she answered.
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A direct quotation is a report of a speaker’s exact words
Rule #2 Use commas to set off explanatory words ued with direct quotations (whether they occur at the beginning in the middle, or at the end of the sentence).
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A direct quotation is a report of a speaker’s exact words
For Example Mark said, “I didn’t get an invitation.” “I also,” said Jean, “didn’t get an invitation.” “I wonder why that is?” Mark said.
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A direct quotation is a report of a speaker’s exact words
Rule #3 If a quotation is a question or an exclamation, place the question mark or exclamation point inside the closing quotation marks.
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A direct quotation is a report of a speaker’s exact words
Rule #3 “Who wants to ask her if there was a mistake?” asked Carla.
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A direct quotation is a report of a speaker’s exact words
Rule #4 If quoted words are part of a question or exclamation, place the question mark or exclamation point outside the closing quotation mark.
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A direct quotation is a report of a speaker’s exact words
Rule #4 Did Carla just say, “I hate drinking tea”? The entire phrase is a question.
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. . Note Commas and periods always go inside closing quotation marks.
They’re too little to stay outside.
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An indirect quotation mark is a restatement of someone’s words.
Rule #5 Do not use quotation marks to set off an indirect quotation. He told me that he couldn’t be there.
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“Carla,” Jane called, “I have your invitation here.”
Divided Quotation Rule #6 Use quotation marks to enclose both parts of a divided quotation. “Carla,” Jane called, “I have your invitation here.”
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Divided Quotation Rule #7 Do not capitalize the first word of the second part of a divided quotation unless it begins a new sentence. Capitalize: “If you want to come,” Jane said, “let me know.” Do Not Capitalize: “I’ll check my calendar, “ Carla said. “I will call you later.”
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Divided Quotation Rule #8 Use commas to set off the explanatory words used with a divided quotation. “Wow,” Mark said, “she didn’t invite me, and I was standing right next to you.”
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Dialogue Rule #9 In dialogue, a new paragraph and a new set of quotation marks signal a change in speakers.
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Try These Examples
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Where should we place the quotation marks?
John said, That’s my coat.
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Where should we place the quotation marks?
John said, “That’s my coat.”
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Where should we place the quotation marks?
Help! shouted the scoutmaster. We can’t find our way out of this cave!
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Where should we place the quotation marks?
“Help!” shouted the scoutmaster. “We can’t find our way out of this cave!”
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Where should we place the quotation marks?
He said that he wasn’t going with us.
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Where should we place the quotation marks?
He said that he wasn’t going with us. No comma needed.
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Where should we place the quotation marks?
This beach, said Dad, is more beautiful than ever.
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Where should we place the quotation marks?
“This beach,” said Dad, “is more beautiful than ever.”
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Where should we place the quotation marks?
William exclaimed, I can’t believe we’re finally here!
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Where should we place the quotation marks?
William exclaimed, “I can’t believe we’re finally here!”
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Complete Practice and Apply 2, page 260 and Exercise 4, page 637
(Yes, you have to write out the sentences.)
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