1. Networking between Academia, Public Research Institutes and Industry ---Korean Experiences
“ Global Summit of Innovation Economy Creator ”
Prof. Se-Jung Oh
President, Institute for Basic Science (Current)
President, National Research Foundation of Korea (Previous)
Professor of Physics, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea

2. Miracle of Korean Economy
GNI per capita of Korea
Year 1953: $ 67/ yr
was one of the poorest countries in the world
Year 2006: $ 18,372 & Year 2010: $ 20,753
[ GNI per capita (1953 ~ 2008), nominal US $ ]
Asian Currency Crisis
Source : The Bank of Korea,

3. Korean National Innovation System - Input
R&D Expenditure and Number of Researchers
1969
1980
1990
2000
2010
R&D expenditure (B won)
9.8
211.7
3,210.5
13,848.5
43,854.8
- Public
7.2
(73%)
105.5
(50%)
510.8
(16%)
3,816.9
(28%)
12,270.2
- Private
1.8
(18%)
102.4
(48%)
2,698.9
(84%)
10,023.4
(72%)
31,489.6
- Foreign
0.8
(8%)
3.8
(2%)
(0%)
8.2
95.0
Number of researchers (FTE)
5,337
18,434
70,503
159,973
345,912
- Government Research Institutes
(GRI’s)
2,413
(45%)
4,598
(25%)
10,434
(15%)
13,913
(9%)
26,235
- University
2,142
(40%)
8,695
(47%)
21,332
(30%)
51,727
(32%)
93,509
(27%)
- Private Industry
782
5,141
38,737
(55%)
94,333
(59%)
226,168
(65%)

4. Progress of Korean National Innovation System
Stage
1960s ~ 1970s
1980s
1990s
2000 ~ 2010
Per Capita GNP
$82 ~ $1,676
$1,645 ~ $ 5,418
$6,417 ~ $9,438
$10,804 ~ $20,753
Major Industry
Agriculture and Labor-intensive industry (Textile, Shoes, etc)
heavy industry
(Steel, Auto, Chemicals ,etc)
Electronic and IT products
(Electric Appliances, Semiconductor etc)
IT products and others
(Semiconductor, LCD, Auto, etc)
R & D Focus
Imitation of mature foreign technologies
Imitation of mature, advanced foreign technologies
Expansion of public R&D
Development of
growth engine
technologies
Domestic R & D Situation
Inadequacy of university & industry research
Reliance on GRI’s
Expansion of industry & university research
Foundation of industry-led system
Expansion of university research
Government Policy on R & D and Human Resource Development
Established KIST (1966) and other GRI’s
Established KAIS (1973)
Expansion of University System
Rapid growth of Graduate Schools
Emphasis on the Quality of Graduate Education and Research
Globalization of University
Foster Top-quality Research Univ.
HRD Policy at Doctorate Level
Import from foreign countries
Import as well as Domestic Training
Post-doc Training of Domestic Ph.D’s in foreign countries
Assimilation in the Global Market

5. Government Research Institutes (GRI’s)
Triple Helix Model
Tri-Lateral networks and Hybrid oranization
Academia
Public
Research
Institute
Industry
Three Major Innovation System Actors in Korea
(as of 2010)
R&D Expenditure
(B Won)
No. of Researchers
(total FTE))
(Ph.D level)
University
4,745 (11%)
93,509 (27%)
53,947 (66%)
Government Research Institutes (GRI’s)
6,306 (14%)
26,235 (8%)
12,818 (16%)
Private Industry
32,803 (75%)
226,168 (65%)
14,677 (18%)

6. Policies to Facilitate Networking between Innovation System Actors
(1) Manpower Exchange /Flow
Joint Appointments between University and GRI’s or Private Industry
- A special law was passed last year to allow good scientists/engineers to hold dual appointments in University, Government Research Institutes and Private Industry
A professor can have an extended leave-of-absence when he/she starts a venture company
- Usually professors in the university are allowed to have leave-of-absence for one year after 7 years of active service, but when he/she starts a venture company he/she can have the leave-of-absence for an extended period of time.
(up to 5 years depending on the University)
Researchers in Government Research Institutes can spend an extended period of time at private industries when they carry out joint research projects.
- In some cases, GRI’s support staying expenses of their researchers in private companies when the company is small or medium size.

7. (2) Encourage Joint Research Activities between University
and Private Industry
Some government research projects, especially on applied topics, require participation of private industry even when the Principal Investigator belongs to University or Government Research Institutes.
- The participating industry can share the government project budget during the joint research. However, when the company makes a profit later on by applying the results of this joint project, they are required to pay back their research expenditure.
Special tax incentive is given to the industry when they carry out the joint research project with university
- Up to 50% of research expenditure can be deducted from the tax of the company

8. (3) Trust Building between University,
Government Research Institutes and Industry
A special council is established to discuss matters of mutual interest between university, government research institutes and private industry
- Representatives of university, public research institutes, and private industry meet regularly along with government officials to discuss matters of mutual interest.
TLO’s (Technology Licensing Offices) are established in universities to facilitate diffusion of university-invented technology to private industry
- Government supports the establishment and operating budget of university TLO’s