1. Basic Chemistry Matter – anything made of mass and takes up volume
Atom – basic unit of matter (so small that 100 million in a row only take up 1 centimeter of space), which has sub-atomic particles smaller than them.
Nucleus – the center of an atom which has Protons (+ charge), and Neutrons (no charge)
Protons and Neutrons have the same mass
Electron – the negatively charged particle that circles around the nucleus
Much smaller than a proton
Equal in numbers to the proton
Mrs. Degl

2. Element – a pure substance that consists of only one type of atom
There are over 106 known elements
Only about 24 are commonly found
The symbols have either 1 or 2 letters
The atomic number is the number of protons
They are listed on the Period Table of Elements
Mass Number = (Number of Protons) + (Number of Neutrons)
Mrs. Degl

3. Compound – when two or more elements are chemically combined
Isotopes – Atoms of the same element can have a different number of neutrons. Some Carbon atoms have 6 neutrons and some have 7/ 8.
Some isotopes can be radioactive (unstable nuclei that breaks down at a constant rate over time).
Compound – when two or more elements are chemically combined
Bonds attach one element to another to from a compound
The compound has totally different properties than the solo element
There are two kids of bonds: Ionic and Covalent
Ionic Bonds transfer electrons from one to another to from a neutral compound
Covalent Bonds share an electron
Mrs. Degl

4. Oxygen 2. Carbon 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen
Did you know that all living things are made up of elements?
Can you guess which four elements are the most common in living organisms?
Oxygen
2. Carbon
3. Hydrogen
4. Nitrogen
Mrs. Degl