1. HHM 5014 NUTRACEUTICAL FORMULATION TECHNOLOGY
4.3 : CAPSULE & TABLET
AFIQ | SHAHMI | NINA

2. TABLETS

3. Definition
Defined as a compressed solid dosage form containing medicaments with or without excipients. Tablets are solid, flat or biconvex dishes, unit dosage form, prepared by compressing a drug or a mixture of drugs, with or without diluents.

4. Disadvantages and advantages
Some drugs resist compression into dense compacts, owing to amorphous nature, low density character.
Lighter and compact
Bitter testing drugs, drugs with an objectionable odor or drugs that are sensitive to oxygen may require encapsulation or coating
Easiest and cheapest to package and strip
Difficult to swallow in case of children and unconscious patients
Suitable for large scale production

5. Types of tablet
1) Tablets ingested orally Compressed tablet, e.g. Paracetamol tablet 2) Tablets used in oral cavity Buccal tablet, e.g. Vitamin-c tablet 3) Tablets administered by other route Vaginal tablet, e.g. Clotrimazole tablet 4) Tablets used to prepare solution Effervescent tablet, e.g. Dispirin tablet (Aspirin)

6. Ingredient Active ingredient Excipients / additives:
Diluent:  improve cohesion
Ex: Lactose-anhydrous and spray dried lactose
Binder and Adhesive: to form granules
 Ex: Acacia and Starch paste-10-20% solution
Disintegrents: to facilitate breaking or disintegration when it contact in water
Ex: sodium carboxy methyl cellulose
Lubricants: improve the rate of flow of the tablet granulation
Ex: Stearic acid

7. Glidants: To promote flow of granules or powder material by reducing the friction between the particles
Ex: Corn Starch – 5-10% conc.
Colouring agents: To masking of off color drugs and for product Identification.
Ex: FD & C blue 1- Brilliant Blue
Flavoring agents: flavor oil are used (chewable)
Sweetening agents: Sugar, mannitol (chewable)

8. Tableting methods

9. Video

10. CAPSULES

11. Introduction
Capsule are solid dosage forms in which drug substances is enclosed within hard or soft soluble shell. The shells are generally formed from gelatin.
Parts of capsule

12. GELATIN
Gelatin is heterogeneous product derived by hydrolytic extraction of animal collagen
The sources of gelatins including animal bones, hide portions and frozen pork skin
Type of gelatin
Type A – It is manufactured mainly from pork skin.
Type B – It is manufactured mainly from animal bones

13. Types of capsule 1. Hard gelatin capsules 2. Soft gelatin capsules
Ex : Hard-shelled antibiotic capsules
Ex : Cod liver oil soft gel capsules

14. Process Hard gelatin capsules 1. Developing and preparing formulation
2. Filling the capsule shell
3. Capsule sealing
4. Cleaning and polishing the filled capsules

15. Ingredient Diluents and fillers: lactose, cellulose, starch
Disintegrants: sodium starch glicolate, pregelatinised starchgan
Gligants & lubricants: silicon dioxide,magnesium stearte,calcium stearate
Wetting agents: SLS

16. Capsules Size

17. Semi Automatic Capsules Devices
Method
Hand Operated methods
Semi Automatic Capsules Devices
Automatic Filling Machine

18. Filling of Capsules

19. Soft Gelatin Capsule
Shape of capsule

20. Comparison

21. Disadvantages and advantages
Capsules are tasteless, odorless & can easily be administered
Hydroscopic for filling drug are not suitable into capsules, because they absorb water present in capsules shell makes shell very brittle and ultimately lead to crumble into pieces.
Combination of powders we can use
The concentrated solutions which require previous dilution are unstable for capsules.
There are attractive in appearance
They are economical
They are easy to handle & carry

22. Conclusion Capsules and tablets – importance deliver system
Possible difference mixture and ingredient
Powder properties involve in production