1. Business Process-driven DAF products
Block 05
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2. Overview
Intent
Enable you to identify useful guidelines for preparing an EA in Defence
Content
Why use EA in Defence?
How use EA in Defence?
In this Block we will see how EA is used within Defence. This material supports the Learning Objectives for 502A 1.1 and 048C 1.1 but really it underlies many of the other learning objectives.
We will discuss and explore the use of EA primarily in Capability Development - especially Information Capability Development but also NCW and other business canges involving ICT.
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3. Why use EA in Defence? Who benefits from the use of an architecture?
What is the major process in Defence that requires DAF products to be prepared?
Can you give other examples of when EA products have been prepared?
Should be a reprise of what is covered in Block 2.
The major process is Capability Development, which should be obvious from the Overview.
Other examples should come from their own experience.
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4. Where use EA in Capability Development?
The primary source for describing how EA is used in Defence Capability Development is the Defence Capability Development Manual A copy of the manual is on the Student CD.
Get the students to open up the PDF file under the Block 5 Resources section of their CD.
Ask if they are familiar with this Manual
Ask who has developed an architecture following the process described in the Manual.
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5. Activity In your team As a race … over the next 15 minutes
Find where EA products are described in the Defence Capability Development Manual or its supporting documentation
Note: The cluey teams should use the Adobe search functions for the Manual on their CD.
EA is expressly mentioned only in
. the discussion of NCW on page 47, para j(2)
. preparing Capability Roadmaps on page 100, para 7.92
But throughout the Manual there are descriptions of the preparation and use of OCDs. The students should know (from the DAF Course) that the ‘essential’ products appear in the OCD. They will have to follow the lead about the description of how to prepare an OCD that is in the CDD.
The list of essential products is given on p8 of the CDD Guide (Table 1)
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6. Products in OCDs
from page 8 of the CDD Guide 2002
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7. Use of OCDs in Capability Development Process
Get the students to turn to p29 Fig 3.1 of the DCDM.
Ask them to identify where the Preliminary OCD and OCD appear.
Point out that POCDs are required for each option.
Also point out the use of Function and Performance Specifications. Ask, “What DAF product helps with listing performance specifications?” Systems Performance Parameters Matrix (SV-7).
Actually, SVs are used throughout the process of developing the functional breakdown structures and specifications that make up the FPS.
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8. Discussion So, how important is EA in Capability Development?
To what extent are we actually following the directions of the DCDM/ CDD Guide?
Are there any issues around the date of the CDD Guide and who is responsible for keeping it up-to-date?
Do we use EA for the enterprise or just for projects?

9. Activity As a team Over the next 10 minutes
Using the DCDM, identify what you think are the changes that have to be made to the OCD products to cover the options that must be considered in the First Pass Business Case
Be prepared to provide a short description to your colleagues
Options are listed in Section 4.4 of the DCDM.
Most of the products should not change. The CVs and TV are needed regardless of options. Similarly, whether an option is COTS or tailored, the OV-1 and general functions do not change. Even the required performance will not change - even though the means for delivering it might differ.
There might be some small changes in the Interface descriptions (SV-1), depending upon the scope of the COTS.
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10. Discussion
Which of the products have to be approved by ‘business line’ managers and which are needed by builders of systems?
The ‘essential’ views describing the architecture (OVs and SV-1) should be validated by the business line managers.
The other SVs and TVs are needed by builders. They are the equivalent to the blueprints for the landscape gardeners, traffic engineers, and civil engineers.
The CVs are needed by the EA staff, as part of their management.
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11. How use EA in Defence? What is the guidance about the use of EA DIEMAN
Defgrams
Standards
Courses

12. Defence Information Environment Manual (DIEMAN)
How many people have seen/ used DIEMAN?
Find it on your CD

13. Principles for the use of EA in Defence
There are some 29 principles that have been suggested as guiding the use of EA in Defence
Find them
Hint: Look in the Diploma Day 2 Course Resources section on your CD
The Principles are given in Chapter 5 of Part 1 of DIEMAN Vol 3, which is in the Diploma day2resources folder
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14. Discussion Why are these Principles useful?
What are the three key principles in your view?
What are other principles that can help in checking quality or compliance?
Use Principles to support checks for quality and compliance. We will look at compliance in more detail in Block 17.
Bring out the discussion of compliance in Ch 4 of DIEMAN.
Note the other principles given in this chapter:
Architecture descriptions should be built with a purpose in mind.
Architecture descriptions should facilitate, not impede communication among humans.
Architecture descriptions should be relatable and comparable across Defence.
Architecture descriptions should be modular, reusable, and decomposable.
Note the Framework Compliance Guidance
Build the Essential Products
Provide Supporting Products that add Value
Use Common Terms and Definitions
Be consistent when describing relationships between entities
Be consistent when describing interoperability requirements
Principles can be used as a basis for completing the CV-4. If there are published principles and they are regularly followed and usage monitored, them we are getting mature in the use of EA.
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15. Standards There are some Standards that can be useful in preparing EA
of course, most are relevant to the Technical Views
Some help in the management of systems development but not in TV
AS/ ISO 12207: 1997 Information technology - software lifecycle processes
Handbook 436:2004 Guidelines to AS/NZS 4360: 2004 Risk Management
Some help in the EA process
ISO 15704: 2000 Industrial automation systems - requirements for enterprise-reference architectures and methodologies
AS 3897: 1991 Information and documentation - Guidelines for standards drafters for stating records management requirements in standards
There are literally hundreds of standards related to ICT. They range from metadata to communication protocols. These standards we will leave until building TVs.
There are standards in place or being developed for safety-critical software or software package evaluation. They might not be called up in a TV as such but they suggest sound practice in documentation or the management of software development.
Note: AS/ ISO is being redeveloped. It covers the steps that should be taken in software projects. Hand out the Table of Contents of the Standard.
Standards for the EA process include:
AS 3897 can be used in TVs or for EAs preparing products for records management systems such as DRMS or
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16. Where do you find out about Standards?
From Standards Australia
Through its commercial partner, SAI Global
Can be online through DefWeb to
Handle AS, ISO, IEEE Standards
Still have NIST, ANSI Standards from the US

17. There is even AS 3806: 2006 Compliance programs
which is the standard for showing how to comply with standards
Note its definition of compliance
“adhering to the requirements of laws, industry and organizational standards and codes, principles of good governance and accepted community and ethical standards”
We will revisit compliance in Block 17

18. Other Guidelines There are other guidelines
Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL)
Actually, covered by AS8018:2004 Parts 1 and 2 Service Management
And Control Objectives for information and related Technologies (COBIT) from the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA)
Who knows of these guidelines?
Point out that ITIL is a generic set of procedures for service delivery and service management. It covers how to run Help Desks and how to organize configuration management - so we will return to it in Block 13.
ITIL also has a book on Business Alignment, so there is a strategic/ enterprise-wide element as well as the technical aspects.
COBIT is a set of key performance goals and indicators for all aspects of planning, delivering, and monitoring information services. It is primarily designed to aid IT auditors checking the compliance of ICT with good practice. At COBIT is the framework for the Managing IS course for the School of Business, because it helps (potential) managers to see if they are getting value for money from ICT.
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19. Other Guidelines (con)
Other agencies produce guidelines for the preparation of EA (even if they use other Frameworks)
Queensland Government at
and, of course, there is the Institute for Enterprise Architecture Developments (IFEAD) in Europe, at
or the FEAC Institute in the US at
Call up the Qld Govt web site and show to the students.
Perhaps point out the principles that they use on p3
1. Information systems are customer-focused.
2. Security must be maintained across information systems and
technology infrastructures.
3. Information systems and technology infrastructure are built
from modular components.
4. Communication between systems is based on an open systems
approach.
5. Information systems and technology infrastructure support
interoperability and the sharing of information.
6. Share before you reuse before you buy before you build.
7. The GIA will continue to evolve in response to changing
business drivers and the impact of new technologies.
8. Separate business logic from static content from presentation
formatting.
9. The GIA will be relatively ‘sparse’ – it will only specify
sufficient detail to achieve business objectives.
10. Diversity will be managed.
Browse the IFEAD website. Note that it is really the baby of one bloke rather than a professional society.
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20. Summary
There are guidelines available, within Defence or without, to help you prepare EA that support business processes
You need to find them
You need to use them
Next Block
How to gather information to start building business process-driven DAF products