1. the Teen Medical Academy A Family Medicine Residency Program Increases Access to Medical Careers
Manuel Angel Oscós-Sánchez MD
Sandra K. Burge PhD
Dolores Oscós-Flores BSEd
Youth Development Program
Family & Community Medicine
The University of Texas HSC at San Antonio
Research Funding: Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board

2. THANKS !!! to our Collaborators and Sponsors
San Antonio ISD Health Professions High School at Edison
Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board:
Eisenhower Grant
UTHSCSA Family and Community Medicine
National Network of Latin American Medical Students
Student National Medical Association
Family Medicine Interest Group
Trinity University Pre-Medical Students
UTHSCSA John M. Smith Jr. Professorship Grant
Teen Medical Academy Peer Facilitators
American Indians in Texas at the Spanish Colonial Missions
Minority Health Research and Education Grant
South Central Texas Area Health Education Center

3. Context Disparities in Access to Medical Careers
National Interventions
1991- AAMC “3000 by 2000”
1300 Students Short of the Goal
1996- RWJ and Kellogg Foundation
“Health Professions Partnership Initiative”
Limited Evaluation
“we will be joining the long line of researchers and educators saying that little research has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of these educational interventions” (Terrell, 2006)

4. the TMA Goals Program Goal
Increase Access to Medical Careers among Economically Disadvantaged Minority Youth
Evaluation Goal
Determine if the TMA increases
Interest
Confidence
Sense of Belongingness

5. the TMA Intervention 6 Medical Workshops Surgery Orthopedics
Gastroenterology
Cardiology
Pulmonology
Obstetrics
3 Teen Health Camps

6. the TMA Intervention TMA Peer Facilitators Instructors
Family Medicine Residents and Faculty
UTHSCSA Medical Students
Trinity University Pre-Medical Students
TMA Peer Facilitators
Structure
Monthly on Saturday Mornings
Rotate through 30 minute sessions

7. September Workshop Surgery
TMA

8. October Workshop Orthopedics
TMA

9. December Workshop GAstroenterology
TMA

10. January Workshop cardiology
TMA

11. March Workshop Pulmonology
TMA

12. April Workshop OBSTETRICS
TMA

13. November, February, May Teen Health Camp
Suture Workshop
Casting Workshop
Medical Career Loteria
BMI and Nutritional Labels
Life as a Teen Parent
Building Muscle
Stress Bingo
HIV
TMA

14. Data Collection Teen Health Career Survey Summer of 2006
Self Administered Mail Survey
Research Driven Protocol
Outcome Scales
Interest (23 items)
Confidence (15 Items)
Belongingness (14 Items)

15. Participants 361 Potential Participants 327 Valid Addresses
All applicants to the TMA in Summer 2003, 2004, and 2005
327 Valid Addresses
233 Respondents (RR=71%)
Not Accepted
Accepted (but did Not Complete)
Completed

16. Results

17. Demographics Total N=233 Female 82% Latino/a 89% In High School
In College
71%
22%
Attends a HCHS
70%
Mean Age
17.1
Economically Disadvantaged
94%

18. Data Analysis One-Way ANOVA Linear Regression
Group Differences in Mean Scores
Interest
Confidence
Belongingness
Linear Regression
Backward Stepwise Elimination
Significant and Independent Predictors

19. ANOVA: Interest * * *
Significant group differences, p< .010

20. ANOVA: Confidence * *
Significant group differences, p=.018

21. ANOVA: Belonging * * *
Significant group differences, p<.05

22. Linear Regression: Predictor Variables
Linear Regression assessed the influence of the following variables:
Personal characteristics
Gender, age, Latino ethnicity
Academic activities
Year in school, job, recent GPA, sum of extracurricular health career programs, attending a health career high school
Family characteristics
Parents’ highest education level, family member in a health career, having a child of one’s own
TMA “dose” – total sessions attended + facilitated

23. 9 Linear Regressions: Summary
Interest
Confidence
Belongingness
Med AH
Nurs
Career
Surg
Other
Sch
TMA Dose
.215
.213
.145
.209
.189
.146
.191
GPA
-.127
.265
.166
.203
.186
.194
Extracurricular
.266
.137
.249
.294
Age
-.167
-.270
-.275
-.212
Parent Educ
-.139
.163
.121
Female Gender
.239
.124
Has a Job
.172
.132
Has a Child
.183
Health Career HS
-.152
Adjusted R2
.076
.041
.127
.174
.115
.123
.081
.033

24. Conclusions
Greater participation in the TMA is a significant predictor of
Increased Interest in Medical Careers
Medicine, Allied Health
Increased Confidence
Health Career, Surgical Skills, and Other Technical Skills
Increased Sense of Belongingness
Fit in Health Career, Among Doctors

25. Limitations
Intermediate Outcomes
Response Rate

26. Response Rate Not Accepted N=139 Accepted N=103 Completed N=119 TOTAL
Valid Address
128/139
(92%)
89/103
(86%)
110/119
327/361
(91%)
Response Rate
85/128
(66%)
55/89
(62%)
93/110
(85%)
233/329
(71%)

27. Discussion Final Outcomes will be Tracked
College Admission, Enrollment & Graduation
Replicable Model for Collaboration
Family Medicine Residency Programs
Disadvantaged Minority Communities

28. Thank You !!!
TMA