1. Splash Screen

2. The Reconstruction Battle Begins
Union troops and cannons had devastated most Southern cities and the South’s economy. 
The president and Congress had to deal with __________, or rebuilding the South after the Civil War. 
They also had to decide under what terms and conditions the former Confederate states would __________ the Union.
(pages 386–389)
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Section 1-5

3. The Reconstruction Battle Begins
(cont.)
President Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction called for a general __________, or pardon, to all Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the United States and accepted the Union’s proclamations concerning slavery. 
After __________ of the state’s voters in the 1860 presidential election had taken the oath, the state could organize a new state government.
(pages 386–389)
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Section 1-6

4. The Reconstruction Battle Begins
(cont.)
The __________ __________ in Congress, led by Representative Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania and Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, did not want to reconcile with the South. 
The Radical Republicans had _______ main goals. 
They wanted to prevent the Confederate _______ from returning to power after the war.
(pages 386–389)
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Section 1-7

5. The Reconstruction Battle Begins
(cont.)
They wanted the _______ Party to become powerful in the South. 
They wanted the federal government to help African Americans achieve political _______ by guaranteeing them the right to _____ in the South. 
Moderate Republicans thought Lincoln’s plan was too _______ on the South and the Radical Republicans’ plan was too _______.
(pages 386–389)
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Section 1-8

6. The Reconstruction Battle Begins
(cont.)
By the summer of 1864, the moderates and the radicals came up with a plan that they _______ could support. 
The _______ _______ Bill was introduced and passed in Congress. 
Lincoln thought the plan was too harsh, so he blocked the bill with a _______ ____. 
He did this by letting the session of Congress _______ without signing the bill.
(pages 386–389)
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Section 1-9

7. The Freedmen’s Bureau
Thousands of freed African Americans, known as _______, had followed General Sherman and his troops as they marched through Georgia and South Carolina. 
To help the freed people get food, Sherman set them up on _______ land along the South Carolina coast.
(pages 389)
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Section 1-12

8. The Freedmen’s Bureau (cont.)
As a result of the refugee crisis, Congress established the _______ _______. 
The Bureau was to feed and clothe war refugees in the South using army _______ supplies. 
It also helped freedmen find work and negotiated pay and hours worked on _______.
(pages 389)
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Section 1-13

9. The Freedmen’s Bureau (cont.)
The Freedmen’s Bureau made a lasting contribution in _______. 
The Bureau provided _______, paid _______, and helped establish _______ for training African American teachers.
(pages 389)
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Section 1-14

10. The Freedmen’s Bureau (cont.)
Many freed African Americans served in the U.S. _______ after 1866; most were stationed in the southwestern United States and were called “_______ _______”.
(pages 389)
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Section 1-14

11. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
__ 1. indirectly vetoing a bill by letting a session of Congress expire without signing the bill
__ 2. the act of granting a pardon to a large group of people
__ 3. persons freed from slavery
__ 4. the reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil War
A. Reconstruction
B. amnesty
C. pocket veto
D. freedmen
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Section 1-16

12. Johnson Takes Office
Vice President _______ _______ became president after Abraham Lincoln’s assassination. 
Johnson agreed with Lincoln that a _______ policy was needed to bring the South back to the Union. 
In May 1865, Andrew Johnson issued a new ______________ of _______.
(pages 391–393)
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Section 2-5

13. Johnson Takes Office (cont.)
This plan offered to _______ all former citizens of the Confederacy who took an oath of loyalty to the Union and to return their property. 
Excluded from the plan were all former Confederate officers and officials and all former Confederates who owned property worth more than $ _______. 
These people could _______ ask the president for a pardon.
(pages 391–393)
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Section 2-6

14. Johnson Takes Office (cont.)
Johnson’s plan to restore the South to the Union included having each former Confederate state call a _______ convention to repeal its order to secede and to ratify the _______ Amendment abolishing slavery. 
They also had to reject all debts _______ during the Civil War. 
The Southern states, for the most part, met Johnson’s _______.
(pages 391–393)
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Section 2-7

15. Johnson Takes Office (cont.)
Johnson granted _______ to thousands of Southerners. 
Many members of Congress were _______ that several former Confederate _______ and political leaders were elected to _______. 
Radical and moderate Republicans voted to _______ these new members of Congress.
(pages 391–393)
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Section 2-8

16. Johnson Takes Office (cont.)
The new Southern state legislatures passed laws, known as _______ _______, that severely limited African Americans’ rights in the South. 
The codes varied from state to state, but in general, they were written with the intention of keeping African Americans in conditions similar to _______. 
The black codes enraged _______.
(pages 391–393)
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Section 2-9

17. Radical Republicans Take Control
In late 1865, House and Senate Republicans created a Joint Committee on _______ to develop their own program for rebuilding the Union. 
In March 1866, Congress passed the _______ _______ _______ of 
The act gave citizenship to all persons born in the United States, except _______ _______.
(pages 393–395)
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Section 2-11

18. Radical Republicans Take Control (cont.)
It allowed _______ _______ to own property and be treated equally in court. 
It granted the U.S. government the right to ____people who violated these rights. 
The _______ Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. 
It said that no state could deprive any person of life, liberty, or property “without _______ _______ of law.”
(pages 393–395)
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Section 2-12

19. Radical Republicans Take Control (cont.)
No state could deny any person “_______ protection of the laws.” 
Congress passed the amendment in June It was sent to the states for _______. 
The _______ Amendment became the major issue in the congressional election of 
President Andrew Johnson was _______ the amendment.
(pages 393–395)
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Section 2-13

20. Radical Republicans Take Control (cont.)
He wanted Northern voters to elect a new _______ in Congress that would support his plan for Reconstruction. 
Increased violence against African Americans and their supporters erupted in the _______. 
The Republicans won a _______ _______ majority in Congress.
(pages 393–395)
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Section 2-14

21. Radical Republicans Take Control (cont.)
In March 1867, Congress passed the _______ ______________ Act. 
This act did away with Johnson’s _______ programs. 
The act divided the former Confederate states, except _______ because it had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, into _______ military districts.
(pages 393–395)
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Section 2-15

22. Radical Republicans Take Control (cont.)
Each former Confederate state had to hold another _______ convention to write a constitution Congress would accept. 
The constitution had to give the right to vote to _______ _____ male citizens. 
After the state ratified its new constitution, it had to ratify the _______ Amendment. Then the state could elect people to Congress.
(pages 393–395)
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Section 2-16

23. Radical Republicans Take Control (cont.)
The Republicans feared that President _______ would refuse to enforce the Military Reconstruction Act. 
Congress passed the Command of the Army Act, which required all orders from the president to go through the headquarters of the _______ of the army.
(pages 393–395)
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Section 2-17

24. Radical Republicans Take Control (cont.)
Congress also passed the _______ _______ _______ Act, which required the Senate to approve the removal of any government official whose appointment had required the Senate’s approval. 
Secretary of War _______ _______ agreed with the Radical Republican Reconstruction plan. 
On February 21, 1868, President Johnson challenged the Tenure of Office Act by _______ _______.
(pages 393–395)
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Section 2-18

25. Radical Republicans Take Control (cont.)
After Johnson fired Stanton, the House of Representatives voted to _______ Johnson. 
They charged Johnson with breaking the law by refusing to _______ the Tenure of Office Act and with trying to undermine the Reconstruction program. 
After more than _______ months of debate, the Senate vote was _______ vote short for conviction.
(pages 393–395)
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Section 2-19

26. Radical Republicans Take Control (cont.)
The impeachment took away what little _______ President Johnson had left. He did not run for election in 
General Ulysses S. Grant was the _______ candidate. 
The presence of _______ soldiers in the South helped African Americans vote in large numbers. 
Grant _______ won the election.
(pages 393–395)
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Section 2-20

27. Radical Republicans Take Control (cont.)
Republicans kept _______ in both houses of Congress. 
The Republican-led Congress passed the _______ Amendment to the Constitution. 
This amendment said that the right to vote could not be denied on account of _______, _______, or previous _______. 
The amendment became part of the _______ in 1870.
(pages 393–395)
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Section 2-21

28. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
__ 1. to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office
__ 2. laws passed in the South just after the Civil War aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit African American workers
A. black codes
B. impeach
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Section 2-23

29. Republican Rule in the South
By 1870 all former Confederate states had _______ the Union. 
During Reconstruction, many Northerners moved to the _______. 
Many were elected or appointed to _______ in the state governments. 
Southerners referred to these Northerners as __________ because some brought suitcases made of carpet fabric.
(pages 398–400)
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Section 3-5

30. Republican Rule in the South (cont.)
Many Southerners viewed the Northerners as intruders who wanted to _______ from the South’s postwar troubles. 
Southerners disliked _____________ Southerners who worked with the Republicans and supported Reconstruction.
(pages 398–400)
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Section 3-6

31. Republican Rule in the South (cont.)
Thousands of formerly _______ people took part in governing the South. 
They were delegates to state conventions, local officials, and state and federal legislators. 
_______ _______ became the first African American elected to the House of Representatives. 
_______ _______ became the first African American in the United States Senate.
(pages 398–400)
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Section 3-7

32. Republican Rule in the South (cont.)
The __________ Party became powerful in the South and started many major reforms. 
The reforms included repealing the black codes, making many more state offices elective, and establishing a system of __________ schools. 
To pay for Republican reforms, many Southern state governments __________ money and __________ high property taxes.
(pages 398–400)
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Section 3-8

33. Republican Rule in the South (cont.)
Some Republicans in the South were __________. 
__________, or getting money illegally through politics, was common in both the South and the North.
(pages 398–400)
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Section 3-9

34. African American Communities
Many formerly enslaved African Americans attended schools in the South during __________. 
An important network of African American colleges and __________ began to grow in the South. 
African Americans in the South established __________, which served as the __________ of many African American communities.
(pages 400–401)
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Section 3-11

35. African American Communities (cont.)
African Americans established thousands of other __________ to help and support each other.
(pages 400–401)
Section 3-12

36. Southern Resistance
Many Southern whites resented African Americans and the “__________ __________” governments. 
Some Southerners organized secret societies such as the __________ __________ __________. 
The Klan’s goal was to drive out the Union troops and __________ and regain control of the South for the __________ Party.
(pages 401–402)
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Section 3-14

37. Southern Resistance (cont.)
Klan members __________ supporters of the Republican governments. 
Republicans and African Americans formed their own __________ groups to fight back. 
In 1870 and 1871, Congress passed __________ Enforcement Acts to end the violence in the South. 
The first act made it a federal crime to interfere with a citizen’s right to __________.
(pages 401–402)
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Section 3-15

38. Southern Resistance (cont.)
The second act put federal elections under the __________ of federal marshals. 
The third act–the __________ __________ __________ Act–made the activities of the Ku Klux Klan illegal.
(pages 401–402)
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Section 3-16

39. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
__ 1. the acquisition of money in dishonest ways, as in bribing a politician
__ 2. name given to Southerners who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South
__ 3. name given to many Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War and supported the Republicans
A. carpetbagger
B. scalawag
C. graft
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Section 3-18

40. The Grant Administration
As commander of the Union forces, Ulysses S. Grant had led the North to victory in the __________ __________. 
He had little __________ experience, however. He believed his only role as president was to carry out the laws. He let Congress develop policy. 
This left the president __________ and __________. 
It also helped divide the __________ Party and undermined public support for Reconstruction.
(pages 403–405)
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Section 4-5

41. The Grant Administration (cont.)
During Grant’s first term in office, the Republican-controlled Congress continued to ________ Reconstruction. 
At the same time, it worked to expand programs to promote __________ and __________. 
It kept tariffs high, tightened banking regulations, and increased federal spending on railroads, port facilities, and the postal system. 
It also kept in place the __________ ______–taxes on alcohol and tobacco.
(pages 403–405)
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Section 4-6

42. The Grant Administration (cont.)
Democrats attacked the Republican economic policies, saying that the policies benefited wealthy Americans at the expense of the poor. 
Liberal Republicans agreed with the Democrats and left the Republican Party in __________. 
The Liberal Republicans and the Democratic Party nominated the influential newspaper publisher, __________ __________, for president.
(pages 403–405)
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Section 4-7

43. The Grant Administration (cont.)
Despite the split in his own party, Ulysses S. __________, the Republican candidate, won the election of _______. 
Grant’s __________ term of office was badly hurt by a series of __________. 
Grant’s secretary of war accepted bribes from merchants operating at army posts.
(pages 403–405)
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Section 4-8

44. The Grant Administration (cont.)
In 1875 the “_______ _______” scandal involved a group of government officials, including Grant’s private secretary, and distillers in St. Louis who cheated the government by filing false tax reports. 
A series of bad railroad investments forced the powerful banking firm of Jay Cooke and Company to declare __________. 
A wave of fear known as the Panic of __________ caused many small banks to close and the stock market to fall.
(pages 403–405)
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Section 4-9

45. The Grant Administration (cont.)
Thousands of __________ closed, and tens of thousands of Americans became unemployed. 
In 1874 __________ won control of the House of Representatives and gained seats in the Senate.
(pages 403–405)
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Section 4-10

46. Reconstruction Ends
During the 1870s, Democrats worked to “_________” the South and regain control of state and local governments from the Republicans. 
They formed __________ groups that intimidated African Americans and white Republican voters. 
Some Democrats were involved in election __________.
(pages 405–406)
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Section 4-12

47. Reconstruction Ends (cont.)
Southern Democrats appealed to __________ racism and defined the elections as a struggle between whites and African Americans. 
By 1876 the Democrats had control of most __________ state legislatures. 
The Republican candidate in the election of 1876 was Rutherford B. _________. 
Hayes wanted to __________ Radical Reconstruction.
(pages 405–406)
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Section 4-13

48. Reconstruction Ends (cont.)
The Democratic candidate was _______, the former governor of New York. 
Neither candidate won a __________ of electoral votes. 
There was so much election __________ that it was hard to tell who had won. 
Congress appointed a __________ to decide the outcome of the election. 
The commission said that __________ won the election.
(pages 405–406)
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Section 4-14

49. Reconstruction Ends (cont.)
Congress approved the commissions finding, and Hayes became president. 
The outcome of the election is known as the __________ __________. 
It is believed that to get Southern Democrats in Congress to agree to __________ as president, the compromise included the promise by the Republicans to pull federal troops __________ of the South.
(pages 405–406)
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Section 4-15

50. Reconstruction Ends (cont.)
Hayes pulled federal troops __________ of the South. 
This ended Republican governments and __________ in the South.
(pages 405–406)
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Section 4-16

51. A “New South” Arises
During his inaugural speech in March 1877, President Hayes expressed his desire to move the country beyond __________ . 
He also wanted to put an end to the nation’s __________ differences. 
Many Southern leaders realized the South could never return to the pre-Civil War __________ economy dominated by the planter elite.
(pages 406–407)
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Section 4-18

52. A “New South” Arises (cont.)
Instead, these Southerners wanted a “__________ __________ ” with a strong industrial economy. 
An alliance between powerful __________ Southerners and Northerner __________ brought great economic changes to parts of the South. 
Capital from Northerners built railroads. 
By 1890 almost _______ miles of railroad track crisscrossed the South, nearly four times the amount that existed in 1860.
(pages 406–407)
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Section 4-19

53. A “New South” Arises (cont.)
Southern __________ also grew. 
Iron and steel industries, tobacco processing, and cotton mills developed in parts of the __________ . 
Many parts of the South still based their economies on __________ , however.
(pages 406–407)
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Section 4-20

54. A “New South” Arises (cont.)
Most African Americans had little political power and worked under difficult and unfair __________ . 
For them, the end of Reconstruction meant a return to the “__________ .” Their hopes of being granted their own land collapsed. 
After Reconstruction ended, African Americans returned to plantations owned by whites, where they worked for wages or became __________ __________ , paying rent for the land they farmed.
(pages 406–407)
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Section 4-21

55. A “New South” Arises (cont.)
Most tenant farmers ended up becoming __________ . 
They paid a share of their crops to cover their rent and farming costs. 
Sharecroppers obtained other farm supplies from country stores and __________ merchants. 
Sharecroppers bought the supplies on credit at high interest rates.
(pages 406–407)
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Section 4-22

56. A “New South” Arises (cont.)
To get the money from the sharecroppers, the law allowed merchants to put __________ liens on the crops. 
This meant that the merchants could take some of the crops to pay the debts. 
The crop lien system led to __________ peonage. 
Sharecroppers became trapped on the land because they could not make enough __________ to pay off their debts and leave.
(pages 406–407)
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Section 4-23

57. A “New South” Arises (cont.)
Declaring bankruptcy was not an option, because failure to pay off debts could lead to __________ or forced labor.
(pages 406–407)
Section 4-24

58. Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
__ 1. obligation placed on a farmer to repay a debt with crops
__ 2. farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or crops
__ 3. merchant who provides sharecroppers with supplies on credit at high interest rates
__ 4. federal tax on alcohol and tobacco
__ 5. farmer who works land for an owner who provides equipment and seed and receives a share of the crop
A. “sin-tax”
B. tenant farmer
C. sharecropper
D. furnishing merchant
E. crop lien
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Section 4-26

59. End of Slide Show