1. Chapter 4 Elements and Symbols
Lecture Presentation
Chapter 4 Elements and
Symbols
Karen C. Timberlake

2. Chapter 4 Atoms and Elements
In addition to growing crops and raising animals, farmers must understand how to perform chemical tests and how to apply fertilizers and pesticides or herbicides to crops.

3. Chapter 4 Readiness Key Math Skills
Using Positive and Negative Numbers in Calculations (1.4B)
Calculating Percentages (1.4C)
Rounding Off (2.3)
Core Chemistry Skills
Counting Significant Figures (2.2)
Using Significant Figures in Calculations (2.3)

4. 4.1 Elements and Symbols Elements
are pure substances from which all other things are built.
cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
are listed on the inside front cover of this text.
Learning Goal Given the name of an element, write its correct symbol; from the symbol, write the correct name.

5. Some Elements and Their Names
Element names come from planets, mythological figures, minerals, colors, geographic locations, and famous people.

6. Chemical Symbols Chemical symbols represent the names of the elements.
consist of one to two letters and start with a capital letter.
One-Letter Symbols Two-Letter Symbols
C carbon Co cobalt
N nitrogen Ca calcium
F fluorine Al aluminum O oxygen Mg magnesium

7. Names and Symbols of Common Elements

8. Chemical Symbols from Latin Names
Ag silver (argentum)
Au gold (aurum)

9. Study Check
Write the correct chemical symbols for each of the following elements:
A. iodine
B. iron
C. magnesium
D. zinc
nitrogen

10. Solution
Write the correct chemical symbols for each of the following elements:
A. iodine = I
B. iron = Fe
C. magnesium = Mg
D. zinc = Zn
E. nitrogen = N

11. Study Check Give the names of the elements with the following symbols:
A. P
B. Al
C. Mn
D. H
E. K

12. Solution Give the names of the elements with the following symbols:
A. P = phosphorus
B. Al = aluminum
C. Mn = manganese
D. H = hydrogen
E. K = potassium

13. Chemistry Link to Health: Toxicity of Mercury
Mercury (Hg)
is a silvery, shiny element that is a liquid at room temperature.
can enter the body by mercury vapor inhalation, contact with the skin, or ingestion of water or food contaminated with mercury.
Once mercury has entered the body, it destroys proteins and disrupts cell function. Long-term exposure can
damage the brain and kidneys.
cause mental retardation.
decrease physical development.

14. Chemistry Link to Health: Toxicity of Mercury
Mercury contamination comes from
industrial wastes.
fish and seafood.
batteries.
compact fluorescent bulbs.