1. “The war to end all wars.”
WORLD WAR I
“The war to end all wars.”

2. Causes on WWI The “MAIN” Causes: Militarism Alliance Systems
Imperialism
Nationalism

4. Causes of WWI 1800’s - Germany divided into small states.
The Rise of German Military
1800’s - Germany divided into small states.
Otto von Bismarck- built Prussian military, united Germany
“Balance of Power”- Germany now stronger than GB, FR, RUS
1871- Franco-German War Germans took Alsace Lorraine from France

5. Europe in 1914

6. Causes of WWI Alliance Systems- formed by 1901
Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
Germany, Turkey, Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary
Triple Entente (Allied Powers)
France, Russia, Great Britain (US)
Alliances were to deter war.

7. Central Powers Germany Kaiser Wilhelm II Austria-Hungary
Franz Joseph I
Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

8. Allied Powers Russia France Georges Clemenceau Czar Nicholas II
David Lloyd George
Great Britain

9. Imperialism
European countries were competing for new territories around the world.

10. Nationalism
The rise of pride in your country.

11. The Assassination
June 28, 1914
Prince Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
Shot by students from Serbia called the “Black Hand”

12. The Assassination: Sarajevo
Powder Keg explodes

13. The Assassin
Gavrilo Princip

14. WAR DECLARATIONS June 28 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
July 28
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
July 29 – Dec. 9
Austria-Hungary repeatedly invades Serbia but is repeatedly repulsed, Russia has a secret alliance declares war on Austria-Hungary
August 1
Germany declares war on Russia, Russia declares war on Germany
August 3
Germany declares war on France
August 4
Germany invades Belgium
Britain declares war on Germany
US President Woodrow Wilson declares policy of US neutrality

16. Fighting Begins Germany had 1 plan- attack France.
*The Schlieffen Plan- dev. by General Alfred von Schlieffen.

17. Schlieffen Plan
*90 % of army in right wing *5 % in the left wing *5% to Russia
90% 5% 5%

18. Must: 1- Get thru Belgium in 6 days. 2- Capture Paris Before G
Must: 1- Get thru Belgium in 6 days 2- Capture Paris Before G. Britain can help

19. Western Front Schlieffen- died 1913
Helmuth von Moltke took over, changed the plan
65%, 25%, 10%
65%
10%
25%

20. The Attack Germans attack Belgium
Belgium resistance, 18 days to get thru Belgium
Britain able to send 90,000 men
Germans attack - Allied troops retreat
Allies dug trenches at the Marne R. 30 miles from Paris
Stalemate

21. Failure of the Schlieffen Plan
-Right wing reduced - 7:1 odds to 3:1
-Did no factor Belgium resistance
-Failed to capture Paris

22. Two Front War
Germans forced to fight in two places -Western Front and Eastern Front

23. The Western Front

25. Stalemate on the Western Front
“Trench Warfare”- both sides dug trenches - Stalemate
Life in the trenches- horrid conditions rats, lice, frogs, bugs, smell, flood, summer heat, freezing winters, disease, death at any moment

26. Trench Warfare

28. The area b/t the trenches
Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”
The area b/t the trenches

29. Battle of Verdun (1916) Typical stalemate battle
Germans tried to capture forts at Verdun, France
Germans used “Big Berthas” (420 mm cannons),
Germans bombed 72 hrs straight
Explosion every 10 sec.
1.5 million causalities
Lasted 10 months
Nothing gained

30. Verdun

31. Cemetery at Verdun

32. Battle of the Somme (1916) Allies attack Germans
British shell German trenches, charge “no man’s land”
58,000 British lost 1st day
1st British tank used
5 months- Br. gained 7 mi.
1 million casualties

33. War Is HELL !!

34. Sacrifices in War

35. The Gallipoli Disaster 1915
Ottoman Empire(Turkey)
*Allies (GB, Australia, FR, NZ) tried to capture the Dardanelles (waterway to the Black Sea) and Constantinople
Charged up mountains and cliffs- 250,000 casualties
Allies pulled out

36. Eastern Front Russian Revolution (1917)
Economy/people devastated by the war, food & fuel short
Czar Nicholas forced out- later executed
Bolshevik Revolution led by Vladimir Lenin
Communists take over
Russia out of the war.

37. War in the Middle East T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt” 1916-18
Arabs fight the Turks, take land in the Middle East

38. US & WORLD WAR I Break Down of the Policy of Neutrality
Americans not neutral most Americans on Allies’ side
Woodrow Wilson- not neutral- sent supplies to British
National Defense Act -US builds up military

41. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Germans blockaded Britain
Germans sunk ships carrying contraband
Sinking of the Lusitania (May 1915) British passenger ship, sunk in 18 minutes, 128 Americans killed, US mad
Sussex Pledge (1916) Germans sunk the Sussex, Wilson threatens Germany, Germans promise not to hit passenger ships, Germans break pledge in 1917

44. Zimmerman Note
Arthur Zimmerman (Ger. Foreign Minister) telegrammed Pres. of Mexico
Ger. wanted Mexico to declare war on US
Message intercepted
April 2, Wilson asks Congress to declare war – April 6 war declared

45. The Yanks Are Coming!

46. Americans in the Trenches

47. US Fighting in WWI
General John J. “Blackjack” Pershing commander of American forces
Americans help stop Germans in major battles

48. St.Mihiel Offensive (1918)
21 Ally divisions (w/ 500,000 Amer. led by Pershing) vs. 9 German divisions
German trenches-14 miles long 7 deep
3 months- Germans retreat- 35 miles, 150,000 Amer. killed

49. War on the Home Front
Govt. took over factories to make weapons and war products
Women did the work
Govt. rationed goods (metal, food, leather, cloth etc.)

50. French Women Factory Workers

51. Working in the Fields

52. A Woman Ambulance Driver

53. Red Cross Nurses

54. Russian Women Soldiers

55. Spies
“Mata Hari”
German Spy!

56. Propaganda
One-sided information used by the govt. to persuade people

57. Australian Poster

58. American Poster

59. Financing the War

60. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

61. French Renault Tank

62. British Tank

63. U-Boats

64. The Airplane

65. The Flying Aces of World War I
Francesco Barraco, It.
Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”]
Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg.
Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr.

66. The Zeppelin

67. Flame Throwers
Grenade Launchers

68. Machine Gun

69. Poison Gas

70. The Final German Offensive
All German forces sent to France for final push
2nd Battle of the Marne- Germans stopped 40 miles from Paris - pushed back by French, British and Americans

71. Nov. 11, 1918 Armistice signed- a ceasefire

72. Over 9,000,000 Dead

73. The Somme American Cemetary, France

74. World War I Casualties

75. Creating a Peace Treaty
Paris Peace Conference

76. David Lloyd George (GB); Georges Clemenceau (FR); Woodrow Wilson (US)
Vittorio Orlando (IT); Paris, France. May 27, 1919

77. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Main Point
Creation of the League of Nations

78. Treaty of Versailles War Guilt Clause- Germany responsible for the war
Reparations- Germany to pay war debts- $33 billion
Decreased militaries – none for Ger.
Return of Alsace-Lorraine to France
Redrew the map of Europe - Czechoslovakia created, Germany loses territory– Austria-Hungary split
Creation of the League of Nations