1. Heat Transfer

2. Investigation 4- Heat Transfer Enduring Understanding: The movement of heat energy in and out of the atmosphere is an important element of weather. Learning Goals: I will measure the heating and cooling of earth materials when moved into and out of sunshine. I will explain how radiant energy from the Sun heats up solid and liquid materials. I will use thermometers to measure the temperature of materials. I will design and conduct experiments to observe heat transfer through multiple materials in terms of molecular activity. I will describe how the atmosphere I heated.

3. Heating The Earth Weather Report: Click to go to weather report link
When we check a weather report to find out the temperature, what are we finding the temperature of?
The temperature of the air, or atmosphere, at a location.

4. Heating The Earth When do you think it is hottest during the day?
The Afternoon
When is it the coldest?
Just before daybreak (sunrise)
What energy source heats things up during the day?
The Sun

5. Solar Heating
Today we’re going to investigate what happens to different earth materials when the sun shines on them.
Our Question is which material absorbs the most heat.

6. Earth Material Set Up

7. Solar Heating
Why do we want the thermometer bulb below the surface of the sand and water?

8. A. Read the temp of the materials in each container before going out! B. Record the temp. in the corresponding “Temperature” columns on the chart. C. Take your set of four containers, your lab notebook, and a sheet of newspaper outside. Make sure each group has a watch. (Cell Phone ONLY for stopwatch) D. Find a place in the sunshine. Place the containers on the paper, making sure the bulb of the thermometer is under the sand and soil. Record the starting time. E. Each of you will monitor temperature changes for the containers. Every 3 minutes the timer will record the time, you will record the temp. of your material. Continue for 15 minutes. F. After 15 minutes, move the four containers to the shade. Record the temperatures every 3 minutes for 15 minutes.

9. Clean up Materials
Tomorrow you will be looking at the results of your teams information.
Make sure that you have your chart completely filled out.

10. Heat Transfer

11. Investigation 4- Heat Transfer Enduring Understanding: The movement of heat energy in and out of the atmosphere is an important element of weather. Learning Goals: I will measure the heating and cooling of earth materials when moved into and out of sunshine. I will explain how radiant energy from the Sun heats up solid and liquid materials. I will use thermometers to measure the temperature of materials. I will design and conduct experiments to observe heat transfer through multiple materials in terms of molecular activity. I will describe how the atmosphere I heated.

12. How to Graph

13. Temperature Questions

14. Analyze Results
If each material received the same amount of solar energy, how can you explain the differences in temperatures?

15. Analyze Results
Water has an important property. It takes five times more heat energy to raise an amount of water one degree than it takes to raise the temperature of an equal amount of sand one degree.
When the same amount of heat energy is absorbed equally by all materials, the temperature of the solid earth material increases faster than water.

16. Radiation
The sun heated the earth materials we put in the containers. How did it do that?
How did the energy get from the sun to the soil, water and air?

17. Radiation
Energy comes from the sun as radiant energy. Radiant energy travels as waves through space and through air.
Radiation from the Sun can be visible, like light, or invisible, like infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, X-Ray, or radio wavelengths.

18. Radiation
When radiant energy strikes an atom or molecule, like a water molecule, or a molecule in soil, or air, the molecule gains energy and begins to move faster or vibrate more. We say the molecule absorbed the radiant energy.
Absorbing radiant energy is one way energy transfers to matter.

19. To Sum It All Up Molecular motion is HEAT!
The more motion there is in the molecules of matter, the hotter it is.

20. Heat and Energy Animation

21. to Measure Temperature
READING
Thermometer: A Device
to Measure Temperature
Pg. 20

22. Word Bank
Radiation - energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves (marshmallow and flame)