1. THE PHYSICS OF MUSIC

2. Making Sound
Musical instruments produce sound by creating standing waves of various frequencies.
If a standing wave is not created, then either no sound is heard or only noise (a mixture of sounds) is heard.
Notes are made from combinations of various frequencies of standing waves.

3. Noise
Musical Tone

4. The Creation of Sound
The two most common mediums that sound is created in is a hollow sound container, such as in a flute or a drum. The other medium is a string, such as on a guitar.

5. Sound Waves
Sound waves are always longitudinal waves. In solids, sound can be in the form of transverse or longitudinal waves.
The easiest way to view sound though, is as transverse waves.
Transverse waves represent the fluctuation of air pressure back and fourth.

6. Fundamental Wave
2nd Harmonic
3rd Harmonic

7. Musical Instruments The major categories: Woodwind Brass Strings
Percussion

8. Woodwind Uses reeds, either single or double
Relies upon keys or finger holes for pitch variation

9. Brass Usually a single tube with a flared ending
Utilises valves for pitch variation

10. Strings Can be bowed, plucked, or struck
Pitch is variable through tension, length, and thickness of the string

11. Percussion Many forms including drums, shakers, bells
Often used for accenting or rhythmic purposes