1. Constructing the Speech Chapter 11

2. 5 Major Steps to Organizing a Speech
1. Creating a purpose statement
2. Finding the right organizational pattern
3. Outlining the speech
4. Choosing the language
5. Creating introductions and conclusions

3. Organizing the Speech 1. Purpose Statement
A purpose statement summarizes the main idea or purpose of your speech
It is similar to a thesis statement in an essay
A good purpose statement:
Tells the audience the topic of the speech
Provides a guide to the organization or main points of the speech
Gives the audience goal for the speech

4. Example Purpose Statement
Soccer is a valuable extracurricular experience because it teaches athletic skills, keeps you in condition, and gets you involved with friends. By the end of the speech the audience will know why soccer is valuable.

5. Organizing the Speech 2. Patterns of Organization
Most speeches have a 3 part structure
Introduction
Gains audience attention & tells topic and purpose
Body
Contains the main points
Conclusion
Summarizes the message and ends the speech in an interesting way

6. Organizing the Speech 2. Patterns of Organization for the body
Time Order/Chronological order
Space Order
Chicago, Las Vegas, LA
Process Order
Explain the way something works or something is made
Topical Order
Pick a topic and divide into parts
Ex: Las Vegas- Hotels to visit, Activities to participate in, Shows to see
Problem-Solution Order (Cause/Effect)
What is the problem and what is the solution

7. Organizing the Speech 3. Outlining
Purpose is to help organize the speech
Sentence outline
Word outline

8. Organizing the Speech Outlining (Sentence)
Our Dying Planet
Pollution is a significant threat
Sulfur emissions from power plants return to earth in acid rain.
It deadens lakes.
It kills fish.
It destroys forests.
Carbon dioxide builds up from the use of coal, oil, and gasoline.
New deserts are forming in Africa.
Floods are created.
Farmland is diminishing

9. Organizing the Speech Outlining (Word)
Our Dying Planet
Pollution Problem
Sulfur and acid rain
Lakes
Fish
Forests
Carbon dioxide
Deserts
Floods
Farms

10. Organizing the Speech 4. Choosing the Language
Choose appropriate language that fits with your speech
If you do not know what words mean then do not use them in your speech
Use synonyms for word you do not know

11. Organizing the Speech 5. Introductions, Conclusions & Transitions
1. Gain attention: Get the group interested.
Startling Statement: Jessie is a normal 3-year old child except one thing-she is the victim of child abuse. She has already been hospitalized with broken bones 4 times in her short life
Rhetorical question: What do Albert Einsten, Cher, and Tom Cruise have in common? They have all overcome dyslexia.
Humor: A joke or funny statement. What ten-letter word starts with G-A-S? It’s automobile. And this year we may run short again
Quotation: A quotation from a famous person can interest an audience

12. Organizing the Speech 5. Introductions, Conclusions & Transitions
Introductions cont.
Story: Many years ago, a stranger arrived in our town. He wore ragged clothes and carried a walking stick.
Personal Experience:
Example: Gives a vivid picture of topic. Anne Graves, age four, died from a gunshot wound to the chest. Her killer was shocked and heartbroken. He was her six-year old brother, who had found a loaded gun.

13. Organizing the Speech 5. Introductions, Conclusions & Transitions
1. Summarize your main points
When you see a shark in the aquarium remember these points: (1) Humans have little to fear from sharks, (2) sharks provide us with material for medicines, and (3) sharks keep aquatic wildlife balance
2. Repeat your main goal
3. Provide a clear ending: Don’t leave the audience wondering whether the speech is over. Give a decisive final statement

14. Organizing the Speech 5. Introductions, Conclusions & Transitions
Transitions are words, phrases, or sentences that form links between ideas
Example: Radio has found a place in the sun again. In addition, we are witnessing the tremendous growth of cable television, which…

15. Organizing the Speech 5. Introductions, Conclusions & Transitions
Example transitions between topics/paragraphs
Meanwhile first, second,third
Also Next in addition to
For example to sum up
Another point on the other hand
In contrast in conclusion
Furthermore finally therefore

16. Outline for Entire Speech
Introduction
Attention Getter
Purpose Statement
Topic
Preview of 3 Points
Audience Goal
Transition
Body
Main Point 1
Main Point 2
Main Point 3
Conclusion
Summary of 3 main points
Restate Audience Goal
Thank you