1. SUBJECT: Need: OBJECTIVE:
Health Concerns in Small Remote Villages Due to Lack of Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation Facilities.
Need:
1.2 billion people in the developing world have no access to safe drinking water.
OBJECTIVE:
Provide one or more water taps in small remote villages where potable water is available for drinking, cooking, washing, and bathing, and provide essential sanitation facilities for the village.
3 billion people do not have access to sanitation facilities.
Result – 3 million children under age of 5 die each year from water related diseases.

2. CURRENT SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER:
Water Sources – Wells, Springs, Streams, Rain Water.
Water Supply - Available, Adequate, Treatable.
Quality of the Water – Potable, Nonpotable, High turbidity.
Analyze the Water For Contaminants.

3. FOCUS ON CAUSES OF DISEASE:
Phase 1: Acute Health Problems (Short Term Effects).
Phase 2: Chronic Diseases (Long Term Effects).
Microorganisms – Diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, cholera.
Evaluate health effects of other contaminants that exceed MCLs.
Chemical – Methemoglobinemia, Blue-baby syndrome, Nitrates >10 mg/l
Turbidity – Carrier of Bacteria, Viruses, and Cysts

4. REMOVAL OR REDUCTION OF CONTAMINANTS
Prevention and Treatment
Prevention of contamination, less expensive than treatment.
Desirable Characteristics of Water Treatment System
Simple
Low cost
Utilize local resources
Low maintenance

5. Treatment Technologies Available
Turbidity Reduction
Filtration - Using sand or other available materials
Destroying Microorganisms
Disinfection – Chlorination, Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)
Reduction of Chemical Contaminants
Reduce nitrates by ion exchange
Construct Latrines for Sanitation
Training for Maintenance and Water Testing

6. IMPLEMENTATION - COLLABORATION OF AVAILABLE RESOURCES
Water For People
Water For People – Canada Projects
Rotary International U N Agencies Task Force
Safe Water Plus Project

7. Acknowledgements and Additional Information

9. Water Quality Association www.wqa.org
Rotary International UN Agencies Task Force, Safe Water Plus Project
Water Quality Association

10. "Water Conditioning & Purification" magazine www.wcponline.com
"Water Quality Products" magazine

11. "Water Technology" magazine www.watertechonline.com
National Testing Laboratories, Ltd
The Mozambibique Initiative; Project of the United Methodist Church