1. The M.A.I.N. Causes of World War I

2. M.A.I.N.
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

3. Militarism The excessive buildup and glorification of the military
What does this statement mean
“We must build a bigger navy than the enemy will build when he hears we’re building a bigger navy than he’s building”

4. Alliances
In Europe in 1914 there was a complex system of alliances (Nations joining together for a common cause)
Great Britain, France and Russia formed one alliance (Triple Entente)
Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary formed a competing Alliance (Central Powers)
There was a fear that attacking one country would drag their allies into a war

6. Imperialism A form of competition between the nations of Imperialism
This competition will also lead to a growth of Militarism, Nationalism and Alliances

7. Nationalism
Spurred economic and political rivalries through Imperialism, Militarism and Alliances
The M.A.I.N. causes will lead to the tension in the Balkan Peninsula making it a powder keg awaiting the spark

8. The Spark The conflict in the Balkans was known as a “Powder Keg”
The spark that ignited WWI was the assassination of Arch-duke Franz Ferdinand the heir to the Austrian Empire, this murder was in Bosnia by a Serbian Nationalist

9. A Murder with Millions of Victims
The Spark
Because countries had pre-war alliances this confrontation soon engulfed most of Europe (World War)
A Murder with Millions of Victims

10. A Regional Conflict Quickly Engulfs Europe
Nations honored their agreements to back each other in war
Starting with Russia backing Serbia
And expanding with Germany siding with Austria

11. War Time Advancements

12. Wartime Advancements
WW I was more deadly than other wars because of new weapons and Trench Warfare
The new technology (weapons) for WWI: Long range artillery, poisonous gasses and gas masks, submarines, tanks, machine guns, airplanes, flame-throwers

13. Wartime Advancements
Both sides thought that the war would be over quickly due the development of the new weapons and massive militaries
However, by 1915 the war bogged down into trench warfare and a costly stalemate

14. Warfare

15. Warfare
World War I was fought in three different areas the Western Front, the Eastern Front, and the Italian Front
The majority of the trench warfare took place along the Western Front

17. Warfare
On the Western Front the fighting was between the Germans and the British and their allies the French
With the use of Trench Warfare on the western front the fighting is a stalemate that will last until 1917
Most of the fighting on the Western Front took place in France and not until the end of the War does fighting take place in Germany

18. Warfare
On the Eastern Front the primary fighting was between Germany and Russia
There was some involvement between Serbia (fighting on the side of Russia) against Austria, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria (fighting on the side of Germany) in an attempt to free Serbia from imperial rule

19. Warfare Italians switch sides in 1915
Thus On the Italian Front the fighting was the French and their NEW ally Italy against the Germans and Austrians

20. Russian Withdrawal and Revolution

21. Russian Revolution
Prior to WW I there was much discontent within Russia involving social, economic, and political issues (High Taxes, Political Rights, Working Conditions)
After being devastated from WW I, Czar Nicholas II was unable to manage Russia and lost support from his people

22. Russian Revolution
In 1917 the Russian workers (Bolsheviks), led by Vladimir Lenin revolted overthrew and executed the Czar and his family
Russia withdrew from the war abandoning the allies and signed a peace treaty with Germany
This allows Germany to focus solely on the Western Front making the war harder for the British and French
Allies need help to replace Russia if they wanted to win the war

23. US Entry into World War I

24. US Entry into World War I
At the outbreak of WWI the US declares neutrality (does not take sides)
Different factors challenge American neutrality and leads to US involvement in the War:

25. US Entry into World War I
The factors that led the US into WWI are the following:
Trading with Great Britain
British blockade hinders US trade with Germany
American Businesses made loans to the allies to allow continued trade
Public opinion was impacted by our long standing relationship to Britain
German unrestricted Submarine warfare changes public opinion against Germany (loss of American civilians)

26. US Entry into World War I
In 1915 the Lusitania, a British passenger Ship) was sunk by German U-Boats.
This brought protests from President Wilson but it did not bring the US into the war.
Germany pledge to restrict the use of the submarine
This allowed Wilson to be re-elected using the slogan, “He kept us out of war!”

27. Zimmermann
The interception and publication by the British of Germany’s Zimmermann Telegram to Mexico in 1917 negatively impacted US public opinion towards Germany
The Zimmermann Telegram to Mexico offered Mexico land in the US in return, if they attacked the US.

28. End of World War I
The US enters for the Allies and prevents Germany from winning the War
The Armistice of November 11, 1918 ended the fighting between the Allies and Central Powers
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29. End of World War I
New German government sought armistice (End fighting)
11 am on the 11th day of the 11th month
The Great War came to an end

30. Making The Peace

31. Making Peace
The Treaty of Versailles was the Major Peace treaty of WW I
The Major effect of WWI
Diplomatic solutions
geographic changes
political changes
economic consequences

32. Diplomatic Solutions
US President Wilson wanted to address the problems that caused WWI while the leaders of France and Great Britain wanted to punish Germany
Wilson came to The Paris Peace Conference with his 14 Point plan to fix the M.A.I.N. causes of the war

33. Diplomatic Solutions
The 14 Points wanted to address the issues of: no military build up, no secret alliances and self-determination
The 14 points also wanted to create a League of Nations whose purpose was to resolve disputes between countries and avoid future wars

34. Diplomatic Solutions
Soviet Union was not invited to the Peace conference because they had negotiated a separate peace treaty with Germany
Japan is also not invited and has to give up all the land it gained during WWI as well

35. Treaty of Versailles
There were two different opinions on how peace should come: 1. Germany should be punished to the point of crippling them and 2. Fix the problems that started the war in the first place
Not ever country that was involved in WWI were treated fairly or were not involved in the peace process
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36. The War Guilt Clause Germany had to accept the blame for starting WW I
This part of the Treaty of Versailles was called War Guilt Clause

37. The War Guilt Clause Held Germany responsible for starting the war
Forced Germany to pay reparations to the Allies
Placed military restriction on Germany
Army was restricted to 100,000 men
No Air Force
No Submarines

38. The War Guilt Clause Demilitarization of the Rhineland
Stripped Germany of all previous non-German land
Alsace-Lorraine
All overseas possessions

39. The Failure of the Treaty of Versailles
The emphasis of Punishing Germany at the Treaty contributed to economic and political instability to come (Great Depression, Rise of Totalitarian Leaders)

40. The League of Nations
The League of Nations had high expectations but was ineffective achieving its goal of world peace
The League was weak and unstructured
The weaknesses include: No Military (No Troops)
Required unanimous consent for decisions.

41. The League of Nations
Another reason why the League failed was that some key countries that were not members of the League or were not allowed to join until much later
The following are those countries:
US: Did not join
Germany joined in 1926 leaves 1933
Soviet Union Joins in 1934
Japans leaves in 1933
Italy leaves in 1937
Due to these weaknesses the League Failed

42. The Change of Europe
Wilson’s 14 Points proposed Self Determination (Allowing nations to develop on their own) would be utilized selectively since it would not be applied to the victorious powers
The other major principle was to weaken the countries of central and eastern Europe who fought with the Central Powers

44. The Change of Europe
The Map of Europe and Asia are going to change as a result of WW I: The most significant changes include
The break up of the Austro-Hungarian (Austria and Hungary) and Ottoman Empires
German Territorial losses including all overseas colonies
The creation of Poland; Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia
Russian territorial losses due the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (the separate peace between Germany and Russia in 1917, Russia will regain some of this territory as a result of the Treaty of Versailles)
The Japanese are told they must give up all lands the took during WWI.

45. The Change of Europe

46. The Cost of Peace 8.5 million combat deaths result for WWI
Double the number of wounded men
Famine appears in Germany after WWI and millions of people starve
Around the world there is an outbreak of an Influenza epidemic where 20 million people die after WWI

48. The Cost of Peace
Most countries have no money and their economies can not handle the return to post war production which will also lead the Great Depression
Many countries look to Socialism and Communism for assistance