1. Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
H2O + CO2 + ATP
C6H12O6 + O2
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy 
Glucose + Oxygen > Water + Carbon Dioxide +ATP

2. Glucose Glucose is the fuel most commonly used by the cell
The breakdown of
glucose is AEROBIC
Respiration with
oxygen.

3. Cellular Respiration
A process in which glucose molecule is broken down and ATP is released.
Occurs in both Animal and Plant Cells
Takes place in the mitochondria and cytoplasm

4. Energy IN A Cell The energy source we need is
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
ATP consist of: an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar, an 3 phosphate groups
Cells need a constant supply of ATP
Having ATP is like having your battery charged

5. What is ATP
ATP – adenosine triphosphate is a molecule made up of an adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups.
phosphate groups
Adenine
Ribose

6. How Does ATP Work?
Energy is stored in the bond between the second and third phosphate group.
When the bond is broken, energy is released and ADP is formed.
Adenine
Ribose

7. ATP …..Energy Currency
Within a cell, formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate occurs over and over, storing energy each time.
As the cell uses energy, ATP breaks down repeatedly to release energy and form ADP and phosphate.

8. Cellular Respiration
1. g. Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide.
Mitochondria consist of a matrix where three-carbon fragments originating from carbohydrates are broken down (to CO2 and water) and of the cristae where ATP is produced. Cell respiration occurs in a series of reactions in which fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, mostly glucose, are broken down to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Most of the energy from cell respiration is converted into ATP, a substance that powers most cell activities.
1. i.* Students know how chemiosmotic gradients in the mitochondria and chloroplast store energy for ATP production.
Enzymes called ATP synthase, located within the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts and cristae membranes in mitochondria, synthesize most ATP within cells. The thylakoid and cristae membranes are impermeable to protons except at pores that are coupled with the ATP synthase. The potential energy of the proton concentration gradient drives ATP synthesis as the protons move through the ATP synthase pores. The proton gradient is established by energy furnished by a flow of electrons passing through the electron transport system located within these membranes.

9. Process that require energy
Active Transport
Cell Division
Protein Synthesis

10. Aerobic Respiration Requires oxygen
Aerobic respiration-process in which ATP is made using oxygen
Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell
Aerobic respiration happens in ALL aerobic organisms (plants/animals)

11. Mitochondria (Powerhouse)
Energy producers
Has extensive folding of their inner membranes … this folding provides greater surface area on which important cellular processes can take place
Sausage-shaped
Has its own DNA
Many mitochondria in muscle cells

12. The Mitochondria
Cristae: Internal compartments formed by the inner membrane of a mitochondria
Inner Membrane
Outer Membrane
Cristae
Matrix

13. The Mitochondria

14. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Does not require oxygen
Anaerobic respiration-process of making ATP without oxygen
Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
Two types of anaerobic respiration
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation

15. Cellular Respiration Fermentation in the Absence of Oxygen
2 Types
each identified by its waste products
(1) Alcoholic Fermentation
(2) Lactic Acid Fermentation

16. Vocabulary
Cellular Respiration – the transfer of energy from an organic compound into ATP
Fermentation – the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen

17. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in animal cells
when oxygen is not
present
SORE MUSCLES
will occur

18. Alcoholic Fermentation
Occurs in bacteria
and yeast cell
Produces alcohol
and carbon dioxide
Micro-organisms that
make yeast, bread
and wine

19. Reminder: 2 Types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Respiration (requires oxygen)
2. Anaerobic Respiration (no oxygen)

20. One Glucose Molecule Produce 38 ATP
Total 38
Total 38

21. Photosynthesis
CO H20 light> C6H12O O2

22. Photosynthesis
Process by which plants and other autotrophs store the energy of sunlight into sugars.
Requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
CO H20  C6H12O O2
Occurs in the leaves of plants in organelles called chloroplasts.

23. Using Elodea to demonstrate Photosynthesis CO2 + H2O light> C6H12O6 + 6O2

24. Leaf Structure
Gas exchange of CO2 and O2 occurs at openings called stomata surrounded by guard cells on the lower leaf surface.

25. Chloroplast Structure
Inner membrane called the thylakoid membrane.
Thickened regions called thylakoids. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum. (Plural – grana)
Stroma is a liquid surrounding the thylakoids.

26. FACTS TO KNOW Site for Photosynthesis: chloroplast
Chlorophyll- Green plant
pigment found in the
Organ of Photosynthesis:
Leaf

27. ALL FOOD COMES DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY FROM PLANTS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
This reaction is one of the most important chemical reactions that takes place on earth.
ALL FOOD COMES DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY FROM PLANTS

28. Comparing Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
The products of one are the reactants of the other
Photosynthesis Equation:
CO2 + H2O + energy light> C6H12O6 + O2
Reactants Products
Cellular Respiration Equation:
C6H12O6+ O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP
Reactants Products

29. What DoYou Know About These Structures?

30. Fill out the following chart to compare Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Function
Location
Reactants
Products
Equation

31. Photosynthesis – Cellular Respiration comparison
Function
Energy capture
Energy release
Location
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Reactants
CO2 and H2O
C6H12O6 and O2
Products
Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O light> C6H12O6 + 6O2
6O2 + C6H12O6  CO2 +6H2O + energy

32. Factors that affect the rate of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Temperature ph Rate of metabolism Presence of Oxygen or Carbon Dioxide

33. Chemosynthesis
Some autotrophs can convert inorganic substances to energy.
Most are adapted to live in conditions where there is no oxygen
Marshes
Lake sediments
Digestive tracts of
mammals
Deep in the ocean

34. Two Types of Organisms Heterotrophs- Not able to make their own food
Example: Animals
Autotrophs- make their own food. Example : Plants