1. Miss Colabelli/Mrs. McDonough
Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9
Miss Colabelli/Mrs. McDonough

2. Cellular Respiration
Complex process that our cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds
Organisms that use cellular respiration are known as heterotrophs

3. Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Same equation for photosynthesis JUST BACKWARDS!

5. Glycolysis
Process where one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid
Creates a small amount of ATP and NADH
Process is anaerobic
Does not require oxygen

6. Aerobic Respiration If oxygen is present in cell environment
Pyruvic acid is broken down to make a large amount of ATP
If no oxygen is available for the pyruvic acid
Fermentation

7. Fermentation Releases energy from pyruvic acid without oxygen
Two types
Lactic Acid
Alcoholic

8. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic Acid is produced by muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen

9. Alcoholic Fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation is done by yeasts and some microorganisms
Produces an alcohol & Carbon dioxide

10. Glycolysis First part of cellular respiration
Process where a glucose molecule is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
Glucose  2 pyruvic acid molecules

11. Fermentation Anaerobic process after glycolysis
Pyruvic acid is used to become either lactic acid or ethyl alcohol

12. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvic acid  lactic acid
Important for making dairy products
Produces certain cheeses and yogurts
Occurs naturally in your muscles when you work out
Muscle soreness

13. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Muscles use up all available oxygen
Switch to anaerobic respiration
Increases acid levels in muscles causing the fatigue
Eventually gets processed in liver back to pyruvic acid

14. Alcoholic Fermentation
Pyruvic acid  ethyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol is a 2-carbon molecule
Pyruvic acid loses a carbon by releasing CO2

15. Alcoholic Fermentation
Yeast needs to get food to survive such as sugars from fruit
Yeast breaks down to ferment the pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol and CO2
If CO2 is released, you get regular alcohol
Ex: wine
If CO2 is not released, you get sparkling alcohol
Ex: Champagne

16. The Krebs Cycle Cycle discovered by scientists Hans Krebs
During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of reactions
Net ATP Production is 2 ATP

17. Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain uses the high- energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP to ATP
Total ATP produced: 32

18. Aerobic Respiration Only occur in the presence of oxygen Two stages
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain with chemiosmosis
Prokaryotes
Occur in cytoplasm
Eukaryotes
Occur in mitochondria

19. The Krebs Cycle Five steps in the Krebs Cycle
Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
Citric Acid is made in Step 1 therefore this is also called the Citric Acid cycle
Net ATP produced is 2 ATP

20. Electron Transport Chain
Uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP to ATP
Total net ATP produced is 34!!
Prokaryotes
Occurs on cell membrane of organism
Eukaryotes
Occurs in the mitochondria
membrane called cristae

21. Importance of Oxygen
The only way to produce ATP is by the movement of electrons in the ETC
Oxygen is the final acceptor
Without oxygen, the ETC would halt

22. Efficiency of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain 32 ATP
Total = 36 ATP

23. Summary Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration Glycolysis
Krebs cycle and ETC
Anaerobic respiration
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic acid

24. Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Function
Energy Storage
Energy Release
Location
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Reactants
CO2 and H2O
C6H12O6 and O2
Products
Equation
6CO2 + 6H2OC6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O26CO2 + 6H2O