1. 8
Microbial Genetics

2. Translation mRNA is translated in codons (three nucleotides)
Translation of mRNA begins at the start codon: AUG
Translation ends at a stop codon: UAA, UAG, UGA
PLAY
Animation: Translation
Figure 8.2

3. Translation
Figure 8.8

4. Translation
Figure 8.10

5. Translation
Figure 8.9, step 1

6. Translation
Figure 8.9, step 2

7. Translation
Figure 8.9, step 3

8. Translation
Figure 8.9, step 4

9. Translation
Figure 8.9, step 5

10. Translation
Figure 8.9, step 6

11. Translation
Figure 8.9, step 7

12. Translation
Figure 8.9, step 8

13. Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression
Constitutive enzymes are expressed at a fixed rate.
Other enzymes are expressed only as needed.
Repressible enzymes
Inducible enzymes

14. Operon
PLAY
Animation: Operons
Figure 8.12, step 1

15. Induction
Figure 8.12, step 2a

16. Induction
Figure 8.12, step 3a

17. Repression
Figure 8.12, step 2b

18. Repression
Figure 8.12, step 3b

19. Regulation of Gene Expression
Figure 8.13