1. A study of Malaria in the flood prone coastal city Surat Dr
A study of Malaria in the flood prone coastal city Surat Dr. Vikas Desai1 , Ms. Priyanka Jariwala1, Dr K. G. Vaishnav2 , Dr Hemant Desai2 1 Urban Health and Climate Resilience Centre (UHCRC), Surat, Gujarat , 2Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC)  
A. Background
C. Findings
D. Conclusion
Malaria is a life threatening protozoan disease caused by parasites
of the genus Plasmodium that is transmitted to people through the
bites of infected mosquitoes. It is the leading cause of death in
children under the age of 5 years and pregnant women in
developing countries. [1,2].
Why is Surat Vulnerable?
Temporal Trend of malaria
Overall system reforms post 1994 and efficient surveillance system leading to evidence based interventions have shown that under all conducive factors malaria is under control in the city
VBDC department has regular malaria monitoring and active surveillance system that has been crucial for effective malaria control in the city. SMC, a progressive Local Self Government has invested in Vector born disease control from its own fund considering the conducive environment, past experience of malaria and its impact on economy of the city
Opportunities were best utilized by SMC such as Filaria control unit within SMC which was gradually developed as VBDC unit , capacity building of VBDC unit under urban malaria control project supported by DFID, and public private partnership processed under urban malaria project that is nurtured and sustained by SMC
Thus rapid and real time response built on effective surveillance system contributed significantly to transition of Surat city from high risk malaria transmission area to low risk malaria transmission area.
One of 20 most climate change affected cities
across the globe
Location – Situated on the banks of river Tapi and on the coasts of Arabian Sea
4th fastest growing city across the world
Occurrence of River and Creek floods
8th largest city of India - population 4.5 million
Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER) consistently more than 10% and is not influenced by rapid increase in population or city limits.
There is a constant declining trend of API from in 1990 to 1.88 in 2013 and of SPR from in 1990 to 0.71 in 2013.
Associated Public health hazards--Plague (1994)
Leptospiriosis
(2006 & 2013)
57% migrant population
(as per report by UNESCO in 2013)
Trend of Malaria in the year of flood (2006)
Heat-humidity health vulnerability
Month
Malaria cases (No)
Malaria cases (No)
June
633
912
July
751
1256
August
1201
2630
September
1639
2997
October
1097
1022
November
643
1139
December
509
858
January
337
511
February
288
352
Poverty in combination with flood hazards and slum dwellers across the city face high flood risks and high potentials for Vector Borne Diseases
Objective of the study
To carry out the temporal analysis of the Malaria surveillance data from 1988 to 2013 in Surat City.
Effect of Climate on malaria transmission
B. Methodology
E. References
1.) Martens P, Hall L. Malaria on the move: Human population movement and malaria transmission.
2.) Emerg Infect Dis 2000, 6:28–45.
Lagerberg RE. Malaria in pregnancy: a literature review. J Midwifery Women’s Health 2008, 53:209215
Temperature
Humidity
Malaria transmission (Anopheles require °C and P Vivax and P Falcifuram require C
Climatic Indicators
Maximum Temp
32-330C
32-340C
Minimum Temp
22-230C
21-230C
Humidity
60-64%.
65-70%
Retrospective analysis of the of the surveillance data of Vector Borne Disease Control Department – Surat Municipal Corporation from
Passive Surveillance
Data flows from Urban health Centers(42), Sentinel Centers (551), Government Medical College (1), Corporation hospitals (2)
Active surveillance
Carried out by 400+ health workers regularly at fixed day, fix site with 15 days rotational cycle of home visits