1. The psychoanalytic approach – Ne0-Freudian
IAS1162 – Lecture #3
The psychoanalytic approach – Ne0-Freudian

2. Introduction Sigmund Freud ‘started’ the theories in psychology
Many other scholars became his followers
Some had differences and broke away from Freud and carried on with their own theories
Mostly just a ‘continuation’ of Freud’s theories
These scholars are called “Neo-Freudians”

3. Disagreement with Freud’s theories
Rejection on ideas that adult personality stems from only the first 5-6 years of life
Acknowledge that early childhood experience have a significant effect
Argues that later experiences, particularly in in adolescence and early adulthood are also important in shaping personality

4. … cont’d …
Challenge Freud’s emphasis on instinctual sources of personality
Argued that Freud failed to recognize many of the important social and cultural forces that shape who we are
Freud attributed many of the differences between men and women are just biological
A neo-Freudian theorist argued that culture play a large role in creating these differences

5. … cont’d Negative tone of Freudian theory
The concentration on the dark side of human personality by Freud
Presentation of a more positive view of humankind and human personality
Constructive functions of the ego and emphasized the role of conscious rather than unconscious determinants of behavior
Other theorists spoke of growth experience and satisfaction people obtain from reaching their potential

6. Alfred Adler
The first member of the psychoanalytic group created by Freud to break away
First had a good relationship with Freud but turned sour over a lot of disagreement
Several member followed him when he left
Formed a new society and created individual psychology

7. Striving for Superiority
Key difference between Freud and Adler was description of human motivation
Freud depicted motivation in terms of sexual and aggressive themes
Alder identified a single motivating force called striving for superiority
Striving for superiority begins with feelings of inferiority
Everybody starts with a profound sense of inferiority
Expected from a weak and helpless child – dependent on larger and stronger adults
Awareness on weakness drives one to overcome

8. … cont’d …
Everything we do is designed to establish a sense of superiority over life’s obstacles
Why do we work so hard to obtain good grades, to excel in athletics, to reach a position of power?
Freud describes the motives driving a successful businessman in terms of sublimation
Defeating business rivals satisfies an unconscious desire to compete
Adler saw business success as an expression of superiority striving

9. … cont’d …
Excessive feelings of inferiority has the opposite effect – inferiority complex
Vastly inferior to everybody else
Feelings of helplessness rather than upward drive to establish superiority
People who develop this run away from challenges rather than work to overcome it

10. Your Job Read on I will ask you in the next online quiz
Adler’s “Parental Influence on Personality Development and Birth Order theories”
The Psychoanalytic theories of
Carl Jung – The Collective Unconscious & Archetypes
Erik Erikson – Concept of the Ego
Karen Horney –Neurosis & Feminine Psychology
I will ask you in the next online quiz

11. BE PREPARED FOR NEXT MONDAY’S ACTIVITIES!!!!
Let’s do Jeopardy!
BE PREPARED FOR NEXT MONDAY’S ACTIVITIES!!!!