1. ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

2. What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds

3. Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar

4. What Does ATP Do for You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!

5. How Do We Get Energy From ATP?
By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP

6. When is ATP Made in the Body?
During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals

7. Why do Cellular Respiration?
To release the energy stored in glucose!

8. Question:
In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration take place?

9. Plants and Animals Plants - Autotrophs: self-producers.
Animals - Heterotrophs: consumers.

10. Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O O2
YIELDS
6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)

11. Cellular Respiration Requires Oxygen (Aerobic Process)
Breaks down glucose
Produces carbon dioxide and water
Gives off energy!! (38 ATP)

12. What Organelle is Associated with Cellular Respiration?

13. Review of Mitochondria Structure
Smooth outer Membrane
Folded inner membrane
Folds called Cristae
Space inside cristae called the Matrix

14. What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?
Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain

15. Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?
It actually takes place in two parts of the cell:
Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the Mitochondria

16. What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?
Glycolysis
In cytoplasm
Doesn’t require oxygen (anaerobic)
Produces 2ATP
The Krebs Cycle
In mitochondria matrix
Produces 2 ATP
The Electron Transport Chain
In mitochondria across cristae
Produces 24 ATP

17. Diagram of the Process Occurs across Cristae Occurs in Cytoplasm
Occurs in Matrix

18. Adding Up the ATP Cytosol Mitochondrion Glycolysis 2 Acetyl- CoA 2
Pyruvic
acid
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport
Glucose
Maximum
per
glucose: by
direct
synthesis by
ATP
synthase
by direct
synthesis 18
Figure 6.14 18

19. Fermentation Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic process)
Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired)
Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol)
Nets only 2 ATP

20. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Can occur in your muscle cells
How glucose is broken down when O2 is NOT present (anaerobic process)
Lactic Acid is produced (makes muscles tired)
Only makes 2 ATP!

21. Alcoholic Fermentation
Happens in yeast – how they get ATP!
How glucose is broken down when O2 is NOT present (anaerobic process)
Produces CO2 and Ethanol
Only makes 2 ATP!
How bread is made! How beer and wine are made!

22. FEELING THE “BURN” When you exercise:
Muscles need energy in order to perform work
Your cells use oxygen to release energy from the sugar glucose
Both aerobic and anaerobic burning of glucose can take place in your cells 22 22

23. Aerobic & Anaerobic Metabolism
Aerobic metabolism - When enough oxygen reaches cells to support energy needs
- Maximum energy production (38 ATP)
Anaerobic metabolism
When the demand for oxygen outstrips the body’s ability to deliver it
Low energy production (2 ATP) 23 23

24. Anaerobic Metabolism
Without enough oxygen, muscle cells break down glucose to produce lactic acid
Lactic acid is associated with the “burn” associated with heavy exercise
If too much lactic acid builds up, your muscles give out 24 24

25. Comparison Respiration Photosynthesis Occurs in all organisms
Occurs in only chlorophyll containing organisms
Breaks down glucose to release energy
Stores light energy as chemical energy in the bonds of glucose
Uses glucose and oxygen
Uses CO2, H2O, and sunlight
Releases carbon dioxide, water, & ATP
Produces glucose and oxygen
Happens in mitochondria
Happens in chloroplast 25 25